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\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u7ae0\u7bc0\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u6839\u64da\u5169\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6750\u6599\u7684\u9078\u53d6\u3002\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u56de\u61c9\u8a31\u591a\u8207\u6211\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u4eba\uff08\u5176\u4e2d\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u5b78\u751f\u5c0e\u5e2b\uff09\u7684\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u4efd\u6578\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u800c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a18\u8ff0\uff0c\u8457\u91cd\u63f4\u5f15\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u5b58\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u56e0\u7d20\u5247\u662f\u82e5\u5e72\u5e74\u4f86\u6211\u8207\u4e00\u4e9b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u806f\u7e6b\u2014\u2014\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u7d14\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u61c9\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u5206\u652f\u90fd\u9032\u884c\u904e\u5275\u9020\u6027\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u4ed6\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u50b3\u7d71\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u53f2\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u90e8\u8a18\u8ff0\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u95dc\u9375\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u7528\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7bc7\u5e45\u9032\u884c\u5b78\u8853\u6027\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u63a2\u5c0b\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u67d0\u4e9b\u6771\u897f\u59cb\u7d42\u5438\u5f15\u8457\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u8853\u4eba\u54e1\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u6771\u897f\u537b\u7121\u4eba\u7406\u6703\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0d\u518d\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u7fa9\u800c\u906d\u5230\u64ef\u68c4\uff1b\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u8ff4\u907f\u904e\u591a\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u8a08\u5283\u5b78\u7fd2\u6578\u5b78\u53ea\u5230\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u70ba\u6b62\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5728\u67d0\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u8a08\u5283\u5b78\u5f97\u66f4\u5c11\u4e00\u4e9b\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u4e86\u89e3\u572817\u4e16\u7d00\u601d\u60f3\u754c\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6709\u95dc\u6578\u5b78\u4e00\u822c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6587\u5316\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e0c\u671b\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u79d1\u5b78\u6216\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7684\u4eba\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5f9e\u5c08\u696d\u5c64\u9762\u4e0a\u5b78\u7fd2\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u9084\u7d66\u51fa\u4e86\u5169\u500b\u984d\u5916\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u5c0d\u6bcf\u4f4d\u8077\u696d\u6559\u5e2b\u90fd\u7279\u5225\u6709\u76ca\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5927\u81f4\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0b\u73fe\u5b58\u6578\u5b78\u5faa\u4e4b\u6f14\u8b8a\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u660e\u667a\u5730\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5f9e\u54ea\u4e00\u500b\u6578\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7372\u5f97\u6301\u4e45\u7684\u6eff\u8db3\u4e00\u4e00\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7684\u8a71\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u3000\u5e74\u8f15\u4e00\u4ee3\u5728\u6210\u9577\u4e2d\u5df2\u7d93\u53ad\u5026\u4e86\u807d\u4eba\u8aaa\u6559\u3001\u6307\u793a\u4ed6\u5011\u61c9\u8a72\u5982\u4f55\u601d\u8003\u548c\u5c0a\u656c\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u7a2e\u8981\u6c42\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u5f88\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5e74\u8f15\u6279\u8a55\u5bb6\u5c0d\u4ed6\u5011\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u8005\u5011\u5f88\u5766\u7387\uff1b\u4ed6\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u5c0d\u5225\u4eba\u7b54\u61c9\u6559\u5c0e\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9818\u57df\u9032\u884c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u500b\u4eba\u63a2\u7d22\u2014\u2014\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u662f\u9060\u9060\u5730\u773a\u671b\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u62b5\u64cb\u90a3\u4e9b\u8a98\u9a19\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0a\u7576\u7684\u201c\u4e8c\u9053\u8ca9\u5b50\u201d\u7684\u751c\u8a00\u871c\u8a9e\uff0c\u8b93\u90a3\u4e9b\u8d81\u5b78\u751f\u5011\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\u884c\u60c5\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u5011\u96a8\u610f\u515c\u552e\u624b\u4e2d\u7269\u54c1\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u7121\u6cd5\u5f97\u901e\u3002\u81ea\u5f9e1873\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d70\u904e\u4e86\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u8def\uff1b\u90a3\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5b78\u7a76\u5f0f\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u548c\u4e0d\u77e5\u75b2\u5026\u7684\u67af\u71e5\u6559\u79d1\u66f8\u88fd\u9020\u8005\u827e\u85a9\u514b\u00b7\u6258\u5fb7\u4ea8\u7279\uff08Isaac Todhunter\uff0c1820-1884\u5e74\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u72c2\u71b1\u76f2\u5f9e\u652f\u6490\u4e0b\u7684\u9806\u5f9e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u61c9\u8a72\u9075\u5f9e\u7684\u6e96\u5247\uff1a\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

————————————————————————————-<\/p>\n

\u3010\u6578\u5b78\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5973\u738b\u548c\u50d5\u4eba\u3011
<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5167\u5bb9\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u5f9e\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u6df1\u5165\u6dfa\u51fa\u5730\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u6578\u5b78\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u5c0d\u4ee3\u6578\u3001\u5e7e\u4f55\u3001\u6578\u8ad6\u3001\u5fae\u7a4d\u5206\u3001\u6982\u7387\u7b49\u6578\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u662f\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u53f2\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u4e3b\u8981\u5229\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u53bb\u95e1\u91cb\u6578\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u7562\u9054\u54e5\u62c9\u65af\u3001\u963f\u57fa\u7c73\u5fb7\u3001\u725b\u9813\u3001\u840a\u5e03\u5c3c\u8328\u3001\u9ad8\u65af\u3001\u7f85\u5df4\u5207\u592b\u65af\u57fa\u3001\u4f3d\u7f85\u74e6\u3001\u9ece\u66fc\u3001\u9ea5\u514b\u65af\u97cb\u3001\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7b49\u5049\u5927\u4eba\u7269\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u8a9e\u8a00\u5e7d\u9ed8\u3001\u7280\u5229\uff0c\u65e2\u6709\u5c0d\u6578\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u56b4\u8b39\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u53c8\u6709\u5c0d\u8da3\u805e\u9038\u4e8b\u7684\u751f\u52d5\u6558\u8ff0\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u6578\u5b78\u53f2\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u4ee5\u53ca\u6578\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u7684\u73fe\u4ee3\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

E.T.\u8c9d\u723e\uff08Eric Temple Bell 1883\u20141960\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u53f2\u5bb6\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u54e5\u502b\u6bd4\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u6578\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u5148\u5f8c\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u3001\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u548c\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u66fe\u4efb\u7f8e\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5b78\u6703\uff08AMS\uff09\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5354\u6703\uff08MAA\uff09\u526f\u4e3b\u5e2d\u3002\u4ee5\u4ed6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u547d\u540d\u7684\u201c\u8c9d\u723e\u6578\u201d\u8207\u201c\u8c9d\u723e\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u201d\u662f\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u66fe\u7372\u7f8e\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5b78\u6703\u7684\u535a\u6b47\u734e\uff08B?cher Memorial Prize\uff09\u3002\u8c9d\u723e\u8457\u8ff0\u9817\u8c50\uff0c\u9664\u672c\u66f8\u5916\uff0c\u300a\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u6b77\u7a0b\u300b\u300a\u6578\u5b78\u5927\u5e2b\u300b\u4e5f\u5f88\u53d7\u8b80\u8005\u6b61\u8fce\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u9304<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u89c0\u9ede\ue003<\/p>\n

1.1 \u6578\u5b78\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\ue003<\/p>\n

1.2 \u9ec3\u91d1\u6642\u4ee3\ue003<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u6578\u5b78\u7684\u771f\u7406\ue003<\/p>\n

2.1 \u5c0d\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0<\/p>\n

2.2 \u516c\u8a2d\u6cd5<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u7a81\u7834\u754c\u9650\ue003<\/p>\n

3.1 \u666e\u901a\u4ee3\u6578<\/p>\n

3.2 \u6539\u8b8a\u898f\u5247<\/p>\n

3.3 \u516c\u8a2d\u7684\u4f86\u6e90<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u201c\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u4f46\u53c8\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u201d \ue003<\/p>\n

4.1 \u666e\u901a\u4ee3\u6578\u7684\u5be6\u73fe<\/p>\n

4.2 \u6709\u7406\u6578\u3001\u5be6\u6578\u3001\u53ef\u6578\u6578\u3001\u4e0d\u53ef\u6578\u6578\u3001\u96e2\u6563\u6027\u3001\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u3001\u8907\u6578\u3001\u5206\u6790\u548c\u51fd\u6578<\/p>\n

4.3 \u8def\u9014\u7684\u7d42\u9ede<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u85dd\u8853<\/p>\n

5.1 \u8208\u8da3\u7684\u6539\u8b8a<\/p>\n

5.2 \u975e\u666e\u901a\u4ee3\u6578<\/p>\n

5.3 \u74b0<\/p>\n

5.4 \u540c\u614b\u3001\u540c\u69cb\u3001\u81ea\u540c\u69cb<\/p>\n

5.5 \u683c\u6216\u7d50\u69cb<\/p>\n

5.6 \u5b50\u74b0\u3001\u7406\u60f3<\/p>\n

5.7 \u5b50\u57df\u3001\u64f4\u5f35<\/p>\n

5.8 \u659c\u57df\u3001\u7dda\u6027\u4ee3\u6578<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0 \u7531\u6a61\u5b50\u9577\u6210\u7684\u6a61\u6a39<\/p>\n

6.1 \u8b8a\u63db<\/p>\n

6.2 \u4e00\u500b\u5e7e\u4f55\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u53c8\u898b\u8b8a\u91cf<\/p>\n

6.3 \u77e9\u9663<\/p>\n

6.4 \u7d66\u806f\u5408\u570b\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u5efa\u8b70<\/p>\n

6.5 \u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u8b8a\u6027<\/p>\n

6.6 \u897f\u723e\u7dad\u65af\u7279\u7684\u5148\u898b\u4e4b\u660e<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u5f62\u8c61\u601d\u7dad<\/p>\n

7.1 \u5716\u50cf<\/p>\n

7.2 \u7b1b\u5361\u723e\u7684\u767c\u660e<\/p>\n

7.3 \u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u56f0\u96e3<\/p>\n

7.4 \u4e09\u9805\u5efa\u8b70<\/p>\n

7.5 \u76f4\u89ba\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u4ee3\u6578<\/p>\n

7.6 \u4ee3\u6578\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u5e7e\u4f55<\/p>\n

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\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u963f\u723e\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u00b7S.\u6ce2\u85a9\u9580\u8482\u723e\uff08Alfred S. Posamentier\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

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\u82f1\u683c\u746a\u00b7\u840a\u66fc\uff08Ingmar Lehmann\uff09\uff1a<\/p>\n

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