{"id":7140,"date":"2024-06-16T05:16:50","date_gmt":"2024-06-15T21:16:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lovebuy.org\/?product=%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e5%8d%83%e5%b9%b4%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%88%e7%b2%be%e6%a0%a1%e6%9c%ac%ef%bc%89%e3%80%8b%e3%80%8a%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e8%b2%a8%e5%b9%a3%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%9a1867"},"modified":"2024-06-16T16:43:05","modified_gmt":"2024-06-16T08:43:05","slug":"%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e5%8d%83%e5%b9%b4%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%88%e7%b2%be%e6%a0%a1%e6%9c%ac%ef%bc%89%e3%80%8b%e3%80%8a%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e8%b2%a8%e5%b9%a3%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%9a1867","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/lovebuy.org\/?product=%e3%80%8a%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%b6%93%e6%bf%9f%e5%8d%83%e5%b9%b4%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%88%e7%b2%be%e6%a0%a1%e6%9c%ac%ef%bc%89%e3%80%8b%e3%80%8a%e7%be%8e%e5%9c%8b%e8%b2%a8%e5%b9%a3%e5%8f%b2%ef%bc%9a1867","title":{"rendered":"\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5343\u5e74\u53f2\uff08\u7cbe\u6821\u672c\uff09\u300b+\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca8\u5e63\u53f2\uff1a1867\u20141960\uff08\u7cbe\u6821\u672c\uff09\u300b\u30102\u518a\u3011"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><img 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style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\">\u5167\u5bb9\u7c21\u4ecb\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u4ee5\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u70ba\u4e3b\u7dda\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b1867\u20141960\u5e74\u8fd1\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u8ca8\u5e63\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u7a0b\uff0c\u53ca\u5176\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u91cd\u5927\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u904e\u5c0d\u8ca8\u5e63\u4f9b\u61c9\u8b8a\u5316\u548c\u901a\u8139\u6c34\u5e73\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7d30\u7dfb\u63cf\u7e6a\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u8ca8\u5e63\u653f\u7b56\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u904b\u884c\u7684\u6df1\u9060\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8ca8\u5e63\u5728\u7a69\u5b9a\u7d93\u6fdf\u5468\u671f\u4e2d\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5168\u66f8\u5c07\u7e41\u96dc\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u7d71\u8a08\u6750\u6599\u8207\u5177\u6709\u654f\u92b3\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u6790\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u878d\u65bc\u4e00\u9ad4\u3002\u66f8\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u8996\u89d2\u7368\u7279\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4ee5\u53ca\u5177\u6709\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4f5c\u8005\u95dc\u65bc1929\u20141933\u5e74\u5927\u856d\u689d\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u6df1\u5316\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u754c\u5c0d\u91d1\u878d\u5e02\u5834\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u88ab\u516c\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5341\u5206\u6df1\u9060\u548c\u7a81\u51fa\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f20\u4e16\u7d00\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5c0d\u65bc\u5404\u570b\u5b8f\u89c0\u7d93\u6fdf\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u7406\u89e3\u5168\u7403\u91d1\u878d\u52d5\u8569\u53ca\u5176\u653f\u7b56\u8d70\u5411\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u501f\u9452\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\">\u76ee \u9304\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u4e0a\u518a \u934d\u91d1\u6642\u4ee3\u8207\u5d29\u6f70\uff081867\u20141933\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c1\u7ae0 \u7dd2 \u8ad6\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c2\u7ae0 \u7da0\u9214\u6642\u671f\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>2.1 1867\u5e74\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u7684\u69cb\u6210\/<\/p>\n<p>2.2 \u8ca8\u5e63\u3001\u6536\u5165\u3001\u50f9\u683c\u548c\u8ca8\u5e63\u6d41\u901a\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\/<\/p>\n<p>2.3 \u6062\u5fa9\u9444\u5e63\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u9b25\u722d\/<\/p>\n<p>2.4 \u5f71\u97ff\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\/<\/p>\n<p>2.5 \u8207\u7da0\u9214\u6642\u671f\u76f8\u806f\u7e6b\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u554f\u984c\/<\/p>\n<p>2.6 \u7e3d\u7d50\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c3\u7ae0 \u9280\u5143\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u50f9\u683c\u9577\u671f\u4e0b\u964d\uff081879\u20141897\uff09\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>3.1 \u8ca8\u5e63\u3001\u6536\u5165\u3001\u50f9\u683c\u548c\u8ca8\u5e63\u6d41\u901a\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\/<\/p>\n<p>3.2 \u9280\u5143\u653f\u6cbb\/<\/p>\n<p>3.3 \u5c0e\u81f4\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u6539\u8b8a\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c4\u7ae0 \u9ec3\u91d1\u901a\u8139\u548c\u9280\u884c\u6539\u9769\uff081897\u20141914\uff09\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>4.1 \u7d93\u6fdf\u5fa9\u7526\u6642\u671f\uff081897\u20141902\uff09\/<\/p>\n<p>4.2 \u76f8\u5c0d\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u589e\u9577\u6642\u671f\uff081903\u20141907\uff09\/<\/p>\n<p>4.3 1907\u5e74\u7684\u9280\u884c\u696d\u5371\u6a5f\/<\/p>\n<p>4.4 \u652f\u4ed8\u9650\u5236\u89e3\u9664\u5f8c\u7684\u9280\u884c\u6539\u9769\/<\/p>\n<p>4.5 \u5f8c\u5371\u6a5f\u6642\u4ee3(1908\u20141914)\/<\/p>\n<p>4.6 \u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u6578\u5b78\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\/<\/p>\n<p>4.7 \u56de\u9867\u6bd4\u8f03\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c5\u7ae0 \u806f\u90a6\u5132\u5099\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff081914\u20141921\uff09\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>5.1 \u8ca8\u5e63\u548c\u9280\u884c\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\/<\/p>\n<p>5.2 \u6230\u6642\u548c\u6230\u5f8c\u7684\u901a\u8ca8\u81a8\u8139\/<\/p>\n<p>5.3 1920\u20141921\u5e74\u7684\u8870\u9000\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c6\u7ae0 \u806f\u90a6\u5132\u5099\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u671f\uff081921\u20141929\uff09\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>6.1 \u8ca8\u5e63\u3001\u6536\u5165\u3001\u50f9\u683c\u53ca\u8ca8\u5e63\u6d41\u901a\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u7a0b\/<\/p>\n<p>6.2 \u5546\u696d\u9280\u884c\u904b\u71df\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\/<\/p>\n<p>6.3 \u8ca8\u5e63\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u767c\u5c55\/<\/p>\n<p>6.4 \u5f71\u97ff\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\/<\/p>\n<p>6.5 \u7e3d\u7d50\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c7\u7ae0 \u5927\u856d\u689d\u6642\u671f\uff081929\u20141933\uff09\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>7.1 \u8ca8\u5e63\u3001\u6536\u5165\u3001\u50f9\u683c\u3001\u901f\u5ea6\u548c\u5229\u7387\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u7a0b\/<\/p>\n<p>7.2 \u5f15\u8d77\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u56e0\u7d20<\/p>\n<p>7.3 \u9280\u884c\u5012\u9589\/<\/p>\n<p>7.4 \u5927\u856d\u689d\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7279\u5fb5\/<\/p>\n<p>7.5 \u8ca8\u5e63\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u767c\u5c55\/<\/p>\n<p>7.6 \u5176\u4ed6\u53ef\u9078\u653f\u7b56\/<\/p>\n<p>7.7 \u70ba\u4f55\u8ca8\u5e63\u653f\u7b56\u5982\u6b64\u7121\u80fd\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u4e0b\u518a \u5fa9\u8208\u8207\u53cd\u601d\uff081934\u20141960\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c8\u7ae0 \u65b0\u653f\u6642\u671f\u9280\u884c\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u8ca8\u5e63\u672c\u4f4d\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>8.1 \u9280\u884c\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\/<\/p>\n<p>8.2 \u8ca8\u5e63\u672c\u4f4d\u5236\u5ea6\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c9\u7ae0 \u5468\u671f\u6027\u8b8a\u52d5\uff081933\u20141941\uff09\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>9.1 \u8ca8\u5e63\u3001\u6536\u5165\u3001\u50f9\u683c\u548c\u6d41\u901a\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\/<\/p>\n<p>9.2 \u5f15\u8d77\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\/<\/p>\n<p>9.3 \u9ad8\u80fd\u8ca8\u5e63\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\/<\/p>\n<p>9.4 \u806f\u90a6\u5132\u5099\u653f\u7b56\/<\/p>\n<p>9.5 \u5b58\u6b3e\u6e96\u5099\u91d1\u6bd4\u7387\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\/<\/p>\n<p>9.6 1937\u5e74\u7dca\u7e2e\u53ca\u96a8\u5f8c\u5fa9\u7526\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8ca8\u5e63\u6027\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u89d2\u8272\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c10\u7ae0 \u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u6642\u671f\u7684\u901a\u8ca8\u81a8\u8139\uff081939\u20141948\uff09\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>10.1 \u7f8e\u570b\u4e2d\u7acb\u6642\u671f(1939\u5e749\u6708\u20141941\u5e7411\u6708)\/<\/p>\n<p>10.2 \u6230\u722d\u8d64\u5b57\u6642\u671f\uff081941\u5e7412\u6708\u20141946\u5e741\u6708\uff09\/<\/p>\n<p>10.3 \u6230\u722d\u7d50\u675f\u5230\u50f9\u683c\u9ad8\u5cf0\u6642\u671f\uff081945\u5e748\u6708\u20141948\u5e748\u6708\uff09\/<\/p>\n<p>10.4 \u6536\u652f\u9918\u984d\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c11\u7ae0 \u8ca8\u5e63\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5fa9\u7526(1948\u20141960)\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>11.1 \u8ca8\u5e63\u3001\u6536\u5165\u3001\u50f9\u683c\u548c\u8ca8\u5e63\u6d41\u901a\u901f\u5ea6\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\/<\/p>\n<p>11.2 \u5c0e\u81f4\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\/<\/p>\n<p>11.3 \u8ca8\u5e63\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u767c\u5c55\/<\/p>\n<p>11.4 \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u4fdd\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\u589e\u9577\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c12\u7ae0 \u6230\u5f8c\u8ca8\u5e63\u6d41\u901a\u901f\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5347\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>12.1 \u66ff\u4ee3\u8cc7\u7522\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\/<\/p>\n<p>12.2 \u8ca8\u5e63\u66ff\u4ee3\u7269\u7684\u767c\u5c55\/<\/p>\n<p>12.3 \u4ee5\u4e0a\u8003\u616e\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u7d9c\u5408\u6548\u679c\/<\/p>\n<p>12.4 \u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u9810\u671f\/<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c13\u7ae0 \u7e3d \u8ad6\/<\/span><\/p>\n<p>13.1 \u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u7d93\u6fdf\u8b8a\u6578\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u95dc\u4fc2\/<\/p>\n<p>13.2 \u8ca8\u5e63\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\/<\/p>\n<p>13.3 \u8ca8\u5e63\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u7368\u7acb\u6027\/<\/p>\n<p>13.4 \u8868\u8c61\u7684\u6b3a\u9a19\u6027 \/<\/p>\n<p>\u9644\u9304A \u57fa\u672c\u8868\u683c\/<\/p>\n<p>\u9644\u9304B \u540d\u7fa9\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6c7a\u5b9a\u56e0\u7d20\/<\/p>\n<p>\u7406\u4e8b\u8a55\u8ad6\/<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u984c\u8a5e\u7d22\u5f15\/<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7248\u8b6f\u5f8c\u8a18\/<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7cbe\u5f69\u66f8\u8a55\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca8\u5e63\u53f2\u300b\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u6709\u95dc\u5927\u856d\u689d\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u5b8f\u89c0\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u8a73\u7d30\u8003\u5bdf\u4e86\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca8\u5e63\u5b58\u91cf\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u2014\u2014\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u7576\u5c40\u7684\u4e3b\u89c0\u8ca8\u5e63\u653f\u7b56\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u9280\u884c\u9ad4\u7cfb\u8b8a\u5316\u7b49\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u529b\u91cf\u6240\u81f4\u2014\u2014\u8207\u570b\u6c11\u6536\u5165\u548c\u50f9\u683c\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u63a2\u7a76\u8fd1\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u8ca8\u5e63\u529b\u91cf\u5c0d\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u672c?\u4f2f\u5357\u514b\uff08Ben Bernanke\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u806f\u5132\u524d\u4e3b\u5e2d<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u96e3\u4ee5\u8a08\u6578\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5de7\u5999\u5b8c\u7f8e\u5730\u878d\u5408\u5728\u8ca8\u5e63\u5236\u5ea6\u3001\u6cd5\u898f\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u3001\u4eba\u7269\u548c\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6f14\u9032\u4e2d\uff0c\u6558\u8ff0\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u624b\u6cd5\u8e8d\u7136\u7d19\u4e0a\u2026\u2026\u672c\u66f8\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u8ca8\u5e63\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u5c11\u6709\u7684\u540d\u7559\u9752\u53f2\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u8a79\u59c6\u65af\u00b7\u6258\u8cd3\uff08James Tobin\uff09\uff0c1981\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u7372\u5f97\u8005<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca8\u5e63\u53f2\u300b\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u3001\u9577\u671f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u6027\u5b78\u8b58\u7684\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\u548c\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u904b\u7528\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u628a90\u591a\u5e74\u7e41\u96dc\u3001\u591a\u8b8a\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u7d44\u7e54\u6210\u4e00\u5e45\u689d\u7406\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u756b\u9762\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5df2\u88ab\u78ba\u8a8d\u800c\u8b8a\u5f97\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u9019\u5e45\u756b\u9762\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\uff1a20\u4e16\u7d0030\u5e74\u4ee3\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5927\u856d\u689d\u662f\u4e00\u6b21\u672c\u4e0d\u61c9\u7576\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u7684\u707d\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7E.\u76e7\u5361\u65af\uff08Robert E. Lucas\uff09\uff0c1995\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u7372\u5f97\u8005<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u5fc5\u5c07\u70ba\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u6240\u63a8\u5d07\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u8a3b\u5b9a\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u7d93\u5178\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u9010\u6b65\u88ab\u8a8d\u53ef\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u3002\u9019\u90e8\u9d3b\u7bc7\u5de8\u88fd\u8017\u8cbb\u4e86\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u91cf\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5011\u50be\u76e1\u5168\u529b\u5730\u63cf\u5beb\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u8ca8\u5e63\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6c92\u6709\u88ab\u4ed6\u5011\u6240\u8003\u5bdf\u7684\u7169\u7463\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u6240\u8ff7\u60d1\u3002\u5168\u66f8\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u539f\u5275\u6027\u548c\u5b78\u8853\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u4f7f\u4e4b\u6210\u70ba\u7d93\u5178\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u6240\u6709\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u5c07\u7d66\u8b80\u8005\u7559\u4e0b\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u827e\u502b\u00b7H.\u6885\u723e\u7b56\uff08Allan H. Meltzer\uff09\uff0c\u5361\u5167\u57fa\u00b7\u6885\u9686\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\u7f8e]\u7c73\u723e\u9813\u00b7\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u66fc\uff08Milton Friedman\uff0c1912\u20142006\uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u8ca8\u5e63\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u5275\u7acb\u8005, 1976\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u734e\u7372\u5f97\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>[\u7f8e]\u5b89\u5a1c\u00b7J. \u65bd\u74e6\u8328\uff08Anna J. Schwartz\uff0c1915\u2014 \uff09\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u6c11\u7d93\u6fdf\u7814\u7a76\u5c40\u9ad8\u7d1a\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/lovebuy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1669820207653722.jpg\" title=\"1669820207653722.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\">\u7de8\u8f2f\u63a8\u85a6\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u4f55\u6709\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u8b8a\u5f97\u5bcc\u88d5\uff1f\u6709\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\u537b\u59cb\u7d42\u8ca7\u7aae\uff1f\u70ba\u4f55\u4e2d\u570b\u5728\u524d\u73fe\u4ee3\u793e\u6703\u9577\u671f\u9818\u5148\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u5728\u8fd1\u4ee3\u7a81\u7136\u843d\u5f8c\u65bc\u897f\u65b9\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u53c8\u8fc5\u901f\u5d1b\u8d77\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\u653e\u5230\u8986\u84cb\u8fd1\u5169\u767e\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u7684\u5168\u7403\u8996\u91ce\u548c\u9577\u9054\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8de8\u5ea6\u4e0b\u52a0\u4ee5\u8003\u5bdf\uff0c\u6703\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u80cc\u5f8c\u96b1\u85cf\u8457\u600e\u6a23\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u8457\u540d\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u9ea5\u8fea\u68ee\u5728\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5343\u5e74\u53f2\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8207\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u63cf\u7e6a\u548c\u5c55\u958b\u4e86\u4e00\u5e45\u4ee4\u4eba\u5606\u70ba\u89c0\u6b62\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5343\u5e74\u756b\u5377\uff0c\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\u9577\u671f\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u7684\u5167\u5728\u908f\u8f2f\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u56b4\u8b39\u7684\u6578\u64da\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5f15\u4eba\u5165\u52dd\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6558\u4e8b\u4e2d\u7a7f\u63d2\u8457\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5c0d\u5927\u773e\u8b80\u8005\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8a72\u66f8\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u4e0d\u5bb9\u932f\u904e\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u77e5\u8b58\u8207\u6578\u64da\u7684\u5bf6\u5eab\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\">\u5167\u5bb9\u7c21\u4ecb\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5343\u5e74\u53f2\u300b\u662f\u5728\u9577\u671f\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u9818\u57df\u4eab\u6709\u76db\u540d\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u5b89\u683c\u65af?\u9ea5\u8fea\u68ee\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u4f5c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8a08\u91cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u5b8f\u89c0\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u5730\u7de3\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u5be9\u8996\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\u5982\u4f55\u63a8\u52d5\u5236\u5ea6\u6539\u9032\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u60e0\u53ca\u4eba\u985e\u9577\u671f\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u8a08\u91cf\u8003\u5bdf\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u8f14\u4ee5\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u3001\u8a55\u50f9\u548c\u91cd\u5efa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f71\u97ff\u6df1\u9060\u7684\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\u5047\u8aaa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ea5\u8fea\u68ee\u5c0d\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u5404\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u5728\u5404\u500b\u6709\u95dc\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u767c\u6398\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u6578\u64da\u548c\u8cc7\u6599\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u6574\u7406\u3001\u8a6e\u91cb\u548c\u5206\u6790\uff08\u5168\u90e8\u6578\u64da\u6536\u5165\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u59ca\u59b9\u7bc7\u300a\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5343\u5e74\u7d71\u8a08\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff09\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4eba\u53e3\u3001\u8cc7\u6e90\u3001\u6280\u8853\u9032\u6b65\u3001\u77e5\u8b58\u7a4d\u7d2f\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ee5\u5e02\u5834\u70ba\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5efa\u8a2d\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u904e\u53bb\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0d\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u968e\u6bb5\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u91cd\u65b0\u5283\u5206\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u554f\u4e16\u662f\u9577\u671f\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8a08\u91cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u4e0d\u50c5\u6210\u70ba\u5168\u7403\u773e\u591a\u7d93\u6fdf\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u6848\u982d\u66f8\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f5c\u70ba\u6709\u8aaa\u670d\u529b\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u548c\u6578\u64da\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\uff0c\u5728\u6709\u95dc\u9577\u671f\u7d93\u6fdf\u589e\u9577\u548c\u4eba\u985e\u547d\u904b\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u8faf\u984c\u4e2d\u88ab\u53cd\u8986\u5f15\u7528\u3002\u5b83\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u8a18\u9304\u904e\u53bb\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u4eba\u985e\u767c\u5c55\u8ecc\u8de1\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u548c\u6307\u5c0e\u624b\u518a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\">\u76ee\u9304\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5c0e\u8ad6<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u4e16\u754c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u8f2a\u5ed3<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc0 \u4eba\u53e3\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u672c\u8cea\u53ca\u5176\u798f\u5229\u542b\u7fa9<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc0 \u4eba\u5747GDP<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u897f\u65b9\u767c\u5c55\u5c0d\u4e16\u754c\u5176\u4ed6\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff081000\u20141950\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc0 \u5f9e1\u4e16\u7d00\u523010\u4e16\u7d00\u671f\u9593\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u8870\u843d<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc0 \u897f\u6b50\u7684\u5fa9\u7526\u548c\u632f\u8208\uff081000\u20141500\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc0 \u5a01\u5c3c\u65af\u5171\u548c\u570b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc0 \u8461\u8404\u7259<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc0 \u5370\u5ea6\u6d0b\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u4e16\u754c<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u516d\u7bc0 \u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u548c\u83f2\u5f8b\u8cd3\u7684\u8cbf\u6613\u4e16\u754c<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7bc0 \u8461\u8404\u7259\u4eba\u5728\u5df4\u897f<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u516b\u7bc0 \u8377\u862d<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e5d\u7bc0 \u82f1\u570b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u5341\u7bc0 \u82f1\u570b\u5728\u7f8e\u6d32\u3001\u975e\u6d32\u548c\u4e9e\u6d32\u9818\u571f\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(146, 208, 80);\">\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 20\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u534a\u8449\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc0 \u767c\u9054\u8cc7\u672c\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7bc0 \u5fa9\u8208\u7684\u4e9e\u6d32<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e09\u7bc0 \u6771\u4e9e\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u56db\u7bc0 \u897f\u4e9e<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e94\u7bc0 \u62c9\u4e01\u7f8e\u6d32<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u516d\u7bc0 \u8607\u806f\u548c\u6771\u6b50\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u8f49\u578b<\/p>\n<p>\u7b2c\u4e03\u7bc0 \u975e\u6d32<\/p>\n<p>\u9644 \u9304<\/p>\n<p>\u9644\u9304A 1820\u20141998\u5e74\u57fa\u6e96\u5e74\u4efd\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u3001GDP\u548c\u4eba\u5747GDP\u6c34\u5e73\u8207\u589e\u9577\u60c5\u6cc1<\/p>\n<p>\u9644\u9304B 1820\u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u4eba\u53e3\u3001GDP\u548c\u4eba\u5747GDP\u7684\u589e\u9577\u60c5\u6cc1<\/p>\n<p>\u9644\u9304C 124\u500b\u7d93\u6fdf\u9ad4\u30017\u500b\u5730\u5340\u53ca\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3001GDP\u548c\u4eba\u5747GDP\u7684\u5e74\u5ea6\u4f30\u8a08\u503c(1950\u20141998)<\/p>\n<p>\u9644\u9304D 27\u500b\u6771\u6b50\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u4eba\u53e3\u3001GDP\u548c\u4eba\u5747GDP\u6c34\u5e73\u8207\u589e\u9577\u60c5\u6cc1<\/p>\n<p>\u9644\u9304E \u5c31\u696d\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c0f\u6642\u548c\u52de\u52d5\u751f\u7522\u7387<\/p>\n<p>\u9644\u9304F 1870\u20141998\u5e74\u7684\u51fa\u53e3\u503c\u8207\u51fa\u53e3\u91cf<\/p>\n<p>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u66f8\u5730\u540d\u8b6f\u6587\u5c0d\u7167\u8868<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u66f8\u4eba\u540d\u8b6f\u6587\u5c0d\u7167\u8868<\/p>\n<p>\u5168\u66f8\u6a5f\u69cb\u540d\u7a31\u8b6f\u6587\u5c0d\u7167\u8868<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\">\u7cbe\u5f69\u66f8\u8a55\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u90e8\u8457\u4f5c\u8986\u84cb\u4e86\u5168\u90e8\u4e16\u754c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u5169\u5343\u5e74\u9593\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u3002\u8a72\u66f8\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u5e7e\u4e4e\u8d85\u904e\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u898b\u5230\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5b8f\u5927\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8996\u91ce\u662f\u8b93\u4eba\u5606\u70ba\u89c0\u6b62\u7684\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u5f9e\u5730\u7406\u548c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8986\u84cb\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7d93\u6fdf\u53f2\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8207\u4e4b\u76f8\u5ab2\u7f8e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u96d6\u7136\u63a1\u7528\u7684\u662f\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u537b\u4e26\u4e0d\u56ff\u65bc\u6b64\u3002\u5728\u5c0b\u6c42\u7d50\u8ad6\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u52aa\u529b\u5438\u6536\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u7684\u3001\u5730\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u3001\u4eba\u53e3\u5b78\u7684\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u7a2e\u8de8\u5b78\u79d1\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u4e5f\u662f\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5049\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\u4e4b\u6240\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u2014\u2014\u5510\u7d0d\u5fb7\u00b7\u7d04\u7ff0\u65af\u9813 (Donald Johnston)\uff0cOECD\u524d\u79d8\u66f8\u9577<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: rgb(255, 192, 0);\">\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>[\u82f1]\u5b89\u683c\u65af.\u9ea5\u8fea\u68ee\uff08Angus 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