![](\"https:\/\/lovebuy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1684579919478487.jpg\" "\\"1684579919478487.jpg\\"")
![\"\u7f16\u8f91\u63a8\u8350\u84dd\u8272.jpg\"\/](\"https:\/\/lovebuy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1684395865430161.jpg\" "\\"1684395865430161.jpg\\"")
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![\"\u5185\u5bb9\u7b80\u4ecb\u84dd\u8272.jpg\"\/](\"https:\/\/lovebuy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1684504394395182.jpg\" "\\"1684504394395182.jpg\\"")
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\u3000\u3000\u300a\u6b66\u88dd\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u300b\u8ffd\u8ff0\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u65e9\u5e74\u7684\u6c42\u5b78\u7d93\u6b77\u548c\u9769\u547d\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5f9e\u5b5f\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u57281905\u5e74\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5c0d\u4fc4\u570b\u9769\u547d\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u601d\u8003\uff0c\u53c3\u52a0\u548c\u9818\u5c0e1917\u5e74\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u5728\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u5f8c\u70ba\u4fdd\u885b\u65b0\u751f\u7684\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u653f\u6b0a\u5728\u570b\u5167\u548c\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u821e\u53f0\u4e0a\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u9593\u6216\u6558\u8ff0\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u201c\u4e0d\u65b7\u9769\u547d\u8ad6\u201d\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u548c\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u300a\u88ab\u89e3\u9664\u6b66\u88dd\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u300b\u5168\u9762\u4e14\u7cfb\u7d71\u5730\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e8620\u4e16\u7d0020\u5e74\u4ee3\u4fc4\u5171\u9ee8\u5167\u932f\u7d9c\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u3001\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u4e14\u6b98\u9177\u7684\u6d3e\u7cfb\u9b25\u722d\uff0c\u8a73\u76e1\u5730\u6558\u8ff0\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u8607\u4fc4\u9818\u8896\u5011\u5728\u4fdd\u885b\u548c\u5efa\u8a2d\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u3001\u9ee8\u5167\u6c11\u4e3b\u3001\u6c11\u65cf\u554f\u984c\u3001\u201c\u4e00\u570b\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7406\u8ad6\u201d\u548c\u201c\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u201d\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u7684\u722d\u8ad6\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u8207\u65af\u5927\u6797\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u89d2\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n
\u3000\u3000\u300a\u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u5148\u77e5\u300b\u8457\u91cd\u6558\u8ff0\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u571f\u8033\u5176\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u3001\u632a\u5a01\u548c\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u7684\u6d41\u4ea1\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u4ee520\u4e16\u7d0030\u5e74\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u653f\u6cbb\u5730\u5716\u548c\u8607\u806f\u570b\u5167\u653f\u6cbb\u5f62\u52e2\u70ba\u80cc\u666f\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u548c\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u5728\u6d41\u4ea1\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5c0d\u4fc4\u570b\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8457\u8ff0\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5728\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u88ab\u65af\u5927\u6797\u523a\u6bba\u8eab\u4ea1\u7684\u60b2\u5287\u7d50\u5c40\u544a\u7d42\u3002<\/p>\n
![\"\u4f5c\u8005\u7b80\u4ecb\u84dd\u8272.jpg\"\/](\"https:\/\/lovebuy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/1684504335830822.jpg\" "\\"1684504335830822.jpg\\"")
<\/p>\n
[\u6ce2]\u4f0a\u85a9\u514b\u00b7\u591a\u4f0a\u5fb9\uff08IsaacDeutscher\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n 1906\u5e74\u751f\u65bc\u6ce2\u862d\uff0c20\u6b72\u52a0\u5165\u6ce2\u862d\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u6210\u70ba\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6ce2\u862d\u601d\u60f3\u5bb6\u3001\u8607\u806f\u53ca\u806f\u5171\uff08\u5e03\uff09\u554f\u984c\u5c08\u5bb6\u3002 1932\u5e74\uff0c\u52a0\u5165\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u3002 1939\u5e74\uff0c\u50d1\u5c45\u502b\u6566\u3002\u4e00\u751f\u8457\u8ff0\u751a\u8c50\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u7684\u662f\u300a\u5148\u77e5\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u300b\u548c\u300a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u653f\u6cbb\u50b3\u8a18\u300b\u3002 1967\u5e74\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u6642\u5e7460\u6b72\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u300a\u5148\u77e5\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u300b\u8fc4\u4eca\u4ecd\u662f\u8209\u4e16\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u6b0a\u5a01\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u8b6f\u6210\u591a\u7a2e\u6587\u5b57\u3002<\/p>\n \u6b66\u88dd\u7684\u5148\u77e5<\/p>\n \u518d\u7248\u8b6f\u8005\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n \u8b6f\u8005\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n \u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n \u81f4\u8b1d<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5bb6\u5ead\u548c\u5b78\u6821<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u8ffd\u6c42\u7406\u60f3<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u5728\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u5927\u9580\u53e3<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0 \u667a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\u95dc\u4fc2<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 1905\u5e74\u7684\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u516d\u7ae0\u201c\u4e0d\u65b7\u9769\u547d\u8ad6\u201d<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e03\u7ae0 \u6c89\u60b6\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\uff1a1907\u20141914<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u516b\u7ae0 \u5927\u6230\u8207\u570b\u969b<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e5d\u7ae0 \u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u4e2d\u7684\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u5341\u7ae0 \u4eba\u6c11\u59d4\u54e1<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5e03\u5217\u65af\u7279-\u91cc\u6258\u592b\u65af\u514b\u7684\u6232\u5287\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u6b66\u88dd\u5171\u548c\u570b<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u5341\u4e09\u7ae0 \u9769\u547d\u8207\u5f81\u670d<\/p>\n \u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u8ecd\u4e8b\u601d\u60f3\u8a55\u8ad6<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0 \u52dd\u5229\u4e2d\u7684\u5931\u6557<\/p>\n \u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee<\/p>\n \u4eba\u540d\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u88ab\u89e3\u9664\u6b66\u88dd\u7684\u5148\u77e5<\/p>\n \u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0 \u5728\u738b\u5b50\u7fa4\u5cf6<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0 \u7406\u6027\u8207\u760b\u72c2<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0 \u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u517c\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u6575\u201d<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0 \u5730\u7344\u4e4b\u591c<\/p>\n \u8dcb\uff1a\u5931\u6557\u4e2d\u7684\u52dd\u5229<\/p>\n \u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee<\/p>\n \u4eba\u540d\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n <\/p>\n \u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u5148\u77e5<\/p>\n \u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e00\u7ae0\u5728\u738b\u5b50\u7fa4\u5cf6<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u7406\u6027\u8207\u760b\u72c2<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u9769\u547d\u5bb6\u517c\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\u201c\u4eba\u6c11\u516c\u6575\u201d<\/p>\n \u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u5730\u7344\u4e4b\u591c<\/p>\n \u8dcb\uff1a\u5931\u6557\u4e2d\u7684\u52dd\u5229<\/p>\n \u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u76ee<\/p>\n \u4eba\u540d\u7d22\u5f15<\/p>\n \u8b6f\u8005\u524d\u8a00<\/p>\n 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\u3000\u3000\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5377\u524d\u8a00\u4e2d\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u4ed6\u529b\u5716\u5ba2\u89c0\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\uff0c\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u4e3b\u89c0\u611f\u60c5\u6216\u56e0\u6ce8\u91cd\u4e00\u6642\u60c5\u6cc1\u800c\u4f5c\u51fa\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u4ed6\u7684\u9019\u90e8\u50b3\u8a18\u80fd\u5920\u7d93\u5f97\u8d77\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u8003\u9a57\u3002\u5f9e\u5168\u66f8\u53f2\u6599\u7684\u53d6\u6368\u3001\u89c0\u9ede\u7684\u8a55\u8ff0\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u5074\u91cd\u7b49\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u78ba\u662f\u5728\u5411\u9019\u4e00\u76ee\u6a19\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u624d\u80fd\u4f7f\u9019\u90e8\u50b3\u8a18\u5177\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u50f9\u503c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6b63\u5982\u82f1\u570b\u8457\u540d\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u611b?\u970d?\u5361\u723e\uff08E\u00b7H\u00b7Carr\uff09\u5728\u56de\u7b54\u201c\u6b77\u53f2\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u201d\u9019\u4e00\u554f\u984c\u6642\u6240\u8a00\uff1a\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u201c\u4ee5\u7d14\u7cb9\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5b83\u5011\u7e3d\u662f\u901a\u904e\u8a18\u8f09\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u7684\u982d\u8166\u6298\u5c04\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u201c\u8a18\u8f09\u6b77\u53f2\u4e8b\u5be6\u7684\u4eba\u201d\u7e3d\u662f\u201c\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b77\u53f2\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u662f\u201c\u73fe\u5728\u8ddf\u904e\u53bb\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6c38\u7121\u4f11\u6b62\u7684\u554f\u7b54\u4ea4\u8ac7\u201d\u3002\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0a\u8aaa\uff0c\u6b77\u53f2\u7684\u66f8\u5beb\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7d14\u7cb9\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5fc5\u7136\u5e36\u8457\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u5370\u8a18\u3002\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u9019\u90e8\u50b3\u8a18\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5728\u5beb\u9019\u90e8\u50b3\u8a18\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53d7\u5230\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7576\u6642\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u601d\u60f3\u72c0\u6cc1\u548c\u4ed6\u6240\u8655\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u53cd\u6620\u5230\u9019\u90e8\u50b3\u8a18\u4e2d\u4f86\u7684\u3002\u5728\u9019\u90e8\u50b3\u8a18\u4e2d\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5f71\u97ff\u81f3\u5c11\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u5169\u500b\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u672c\u4eba\u662f\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u53cd\u5c0d\u6d3e\u6210\u54e1\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5728\u88ab\u6ce2\u5171\u958b\u9664\u51fa\u9ee8\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u53c3\u52a0\u6258\u6d3e\u7684\u201c\u7b2c\u56db\u570b\u969b\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u662f\u5d07\u656c\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u5d07\u62dc\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u7406\u8ad6\u554f\u984c\u4e0a\u8207\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u3002\u5f9e\u5168\u66f8\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5e7e\u4e4e\u628a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7576\u6210\u201c\u7121\u6240\u4e0d\u80fd\u9810\u8a00\u201d\u7684\u5148\u77e5\uff0c\u5c31\u9023\u4f5c\u8005\u90fd\u627f\u8a8d\u5df2\u88ab\u6b77\u53f2\u8b49\u660e\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u9810\u8a00\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u8a66\u5716\u5f9e\u4e2d\u627e\u51fa\u201c\u5408\u7406\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u201d\u4f86\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u95dc\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u548c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7d50\u5c40\u7684\u9810\u8a00\u7684\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u660e\u986f\u5730\u770b\u51fa\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u5beb\u4f5c\u6642\u9593\u8f03\u65e9\uff0c\u4f5c\u8005\u5fc5\u7136\u53d7\u7576\u6642\u6b77\u53f2\u689d\u4ef6\u548c\u570b\u969b\u653f\u6cbb\u74b0\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u6b77\u53f2\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u770b\u4f86\u4f5c\u8005\u5c0d\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u95dc\u65bc\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u9769\u547d\u548c\u5efa\u8a2d\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u9769\u547d\u7b49\u554f\u984c\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5206\u6790\u548c\u8a55\u50f9\u90fd\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u91cd\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u5728\u8607\u806f\u89e3\u9ad4\u3001\u6771\u6b50\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\u8f49\u8ecc\u5f8c\u7684\u4eca\u5929\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u80fd\u5f15\u8d77\u6211\u570b\u570b\u969b\u5171\u904b\u53f2\u3001\u8607\u806f\u53f2\u548c\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u7814\u7a76\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u6df1\u5165\u7e3d\u7d50\u548c\u8a8d\u8b58\u8607\u806f\u89e3\u9ad4\u7684\u6559\u8a13\uff0c\u63a8\u52d5\u4e0a\u8ff0\u9818\u57df\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000 \u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e2d\uff0c\u8b6f\u8005\u5c0d\u5168\u66f8\u8b6f\u6587\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u6280\u8853\u8655\u7406\uff1a<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\uff081\uff09\u70ba\u907f\u514d\u884c\u6587\u7d2f\u8d05\uff0c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u6cd5\u3001\u5fb7\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u3001\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u55ae\u8a5e\u6216\u8a5e\u7d44\u5747\u76f4\u63a5\u8b6f\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u63a1\u7528\u5728\u6b63\u6587\u4e2d\u4fdd\u7559\u5916\u6587\u55ae\u8a5e\u518d\u52a0\u8a3b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000 \uff082\uff09\u539f\u66f8\u4e2d\u4fc4\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u82f1\u8b6f\u6587\u932f\u8aa4\u8f03\u591a\uff0c\u51e1\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u4fc4\u6587\u539f\u6587\u8005\uff0c\u5747\u76f4\u63a5\u6309\u4fc4\u6587\u539f\u6587\u8b6f\u51fa\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u4f5c\u6ce8\u52a0\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\uff1b<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\uff083\uff09\u539f\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u548c\u8ddd\u96e2\u5747\u4ee5\u82f1\u91cc\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u82f1\u8a9e\u8b80\u8005\u6bd4\u8f03\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u537b\u8b93\u4e2d\u570b\u8b80\u8005\u8cbb\u89e3\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6216\u662f\u53c3\u7167\u4fc4\u6587\u539f\u6587\u6539\u70ba\u4fc4\u91cc\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6298\u5408\u6210\u516c\u91cc\uff1b<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\uff084\uff09\u70ba\u4e86\u4fbf\u65bc\u8b80\u8005\u6838\u67e5\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u4e2d\u7684\u5217\u5be7\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5f15\u6587\u5747\u4ee5\u300a\u5217\u5be7\u5168\u96c6\u300b\uff08\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\uff09\u4eba\u6c11\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7b2c2\u7248\u7684\u8b6f\u6587\u70ba\u6e96\uff0c\u6240\u6a19\u5377\u6578\u53ca\u9801\u78bc\u5747\u4fc2\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u7b2c2\u7248\u7684\u6372\u6578\u548c\u9801\u78bc\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53e6\u52a0\u8a3b\u660e\uff1b<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\uff085\uff09\u7531\u65bc\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u300a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u6240\u6839\u64da\u7684\u4fc4\u6587\u7248\u672c\u8207\u672c\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u6240\u6839\u64da\u7684\u4fc4\u6587\u7248\u672c\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6709\u4e9b\u5f15\u6587\u5728\u4e2d\u8b6f\u672c\u4e2d\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u51e1\u5728\u4e2d\u8b6f\u672c\u4e2d\u80fd\u67e5\u5230\u7684\u5f15\u6587\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8a3b\u4e2d\u5747\u6a19\u51fa\u201c\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u201d\u5b57\u6a23\uff0c\u672a\u6a19\u201c\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u201d\u5b57\u6a23\u7684\uff0c\u5176\u5377\u6578\u3001\u9801\u78bc\u5373\u662f\u6307\u4fc4\u6587\u7248\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53e6\u52a0\u8a3b\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\u672c\u66f8\u6839\u64da\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u82f1\u6587\u7248\u8b6f\u51fa\uff0c\u539f\u7531\u912d\u8d85\u9e9f\u5148\u751f\u7d44\u7e54\u738b\u570b\u9f8d\u3001\u9031\u4efb\u8f9b\u3001\u55bb\u5b88\u4e00\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff1a\u738b\u570b\u9f8d\u8b6f\u90e8\uff0c\u9031\u4efb\u8f9b\u8b6f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\uff0c\u55bb\u5b88\u4e00\u8b6f\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u3002\u55bb\u5b88\u4e00\u4e0d\u5e78\u53bb\u4e16\u5f8c\uff0c\u5bb6\u5c6c\u5c07\u5176\u8b6f\u7a3f\u5e36\u56de\u5bb6\u9109\u7559\u4f5c\u7d00\u5ff5\u3002\u73fe\u7528\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u8b6f\u7a3f\u662f\u7531\u65bd\u7528\u52e4\u3001\u5f35\u51b0\u3001\u5289\u864e\u5408\u8b6f\u7684\uff1b\u65bd\u7528\u52e4\u8b6f\u524d\u8a00\u548c\u7ae0\uff1b\u5f35\u51b0\u8b6f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7ae0\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u7ae0\u3001\u7b2c\u56db\u7ae0\uff1b\u5289\u864e\u8b6f\u7b2c\u4e94\u7ae0\u548c\u8dcb\u3002\u5168\u66f8\u7684\u8b6f\u6821\u60c5\u6cc1\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u300a\u6b66\u88dd\u7684\u5148\u77e5\uff1a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa1879\u20141921\u300b\uff0c\u738b\u570b\u9f8d\u8b6f\uff0c\u65bd\u7528\u52e4\u6821\uff1b\u300a\u88ab\u89e3\u9664\u6b66\u88dd\u7684\u5148\u77e5\uff1a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa1921\u20141929\u300b\uff0c\u9031\u4efb\u8f9b\u8b6f\uff0c\u5289\u864e\u6821\uff1b\u300a\u6d41\u4ea1\u7684\u5148\u77e5\uff1a\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa1929\u20141940\u300b\uff0c\u65bd\u7528\u52e4\u3001\u5f35\u51b0\u3001\u5289\u864e\u8b6f\uff1b\u5168\u66f8\u7531\u65bd\u7528\u52e4\u3001\u5f35\u4ee5\u7ae5\u7d71\u6821\u3002\u912d\u8d85\u9e9f\u5148\u751f\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u53c3\u52a0\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u539f\u8457\u4e2d\u4fc4\u6587\u3001\u5fb7\u6587\u3001\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u6587\u53ca\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u5f15\u6587\u53ca\u53c3\u8003\u8457\u4f5c\u540d\u7a31\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u7d93\u4ed6\u5be9\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u907a\u61be\u7684\u662f\u912d\u8d85\u9e9f\u5148\u751f\u4e0d\u5e78\u65bc\u4eca\u5e748\u67081\u65e5\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u770b\u5230\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u3002<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7de8\u8b6f\u5c40\u4e16\u754c\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u912d\u7570\u51e1\u540c\u5fd7\u901a\u8b80\u4e86\u5168\u66f8\u7684\u8b6f\u7a3f\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u5bf6\u8cb4\u610f\u898b\uff1b\u672c\u66f8\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\u5289\u5eb8\u5b89\u540c\u5fd7\u70ba\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u51fa\u7248\u505a\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e86\u6975\u5927\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\uff0c\u4ed6\u56b4\u628a\u8b6f\u6587\u8cea\u91cf\u95dc\uff0c\u5f4c\u88dc\u4e86\u8b6f\u6821\u8005\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u758f\u6f0f\u4e26\u6839\u64da\u300a\u5217\u5be7\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u4e2d\u6587\u7b2c2\u7248\u5c0d\u4eba\u540d\u548c\u8853\u8a9e\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7d71\u4e00\uff1b\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u4f75\u8868\u793a\u611f\u8b1d\u3002<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\u5728\u672c\u66f8\u7248\u6b0a\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u6f22\u5b78\u5bb6\u3001\u5229\u8332\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u683c\u96f7\u6208\u723e?\u672c\u9813\uff08GregorBenton\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u5411\u4ed6\u8868\u793a\u8aa0\u646f\u7684\u8b1d\u610f\u3002<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\u4e2d\u5171\u4e2d\u592e\u7de8\u8b6f\u5c40\u5716\u66f8\u9928\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u570b\u969b\u5171\u904b\u8457\u4f5c\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u5716\u66f8\u9928\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u85cf\u66f8\u5728\u570b\u5167\u9996\u5c48\u4e00\u6307\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5728\u8a72\u9928\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u54e1\u95bb\u8679\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0b\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u672c\u66f8\u90e8\u5206\u4fc4\u6587\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\u4e26\u64da\u6b64\u7cfe\u6b63\u4e86\u539f\u66f8\u4e2d\u82f1\u8b6f\u4fc4\u6587\u8457\u4f5c\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u8a1b\u8aa4\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u4e2d\u8b6f\u6587\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6838\u5c0d\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u300a\u5217\u5be7\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u3001\u300a\u65af\u5927\u6797\u5168\u96c6\u300b\u5f15\u6587\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u95bb\u8679\u5973\u58eb\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u3002\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6b64\u8b39\u5411\u5979\u8868\u793a\u6df1\u6df1\u7684\u611f\u8b1d\u3002<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\u5f8c\u9700\u8981\u8aaa\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u8457\u5404\u5377\u7684\u66f8\u540d\u662f\u7368\u7acb\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7e3d\u66f8\u540d\u3002\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u6839\u64da\u5404\u5377\u66f8\u540d\u548c\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u5beb\u4f5c\u610f\u5716\u5c07\u5176\u5b9a\u540d\u70ba\u300a\u5148\u77e5\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u5de5\u4f5c\u5de5\u7a0b\u8f03\u5927\uff0c\u4e14\u5ef6\u5b95\u6578\u5e74\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5168\u9ad4\u8b6f\u6821\u8005\u548c\u6709\u95dc\u4eba\u54e1\u901a\u529b\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u76e1\u5fc3\u76e1\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u8b6f\u8005\u624d\u758f\u5b78\u6dfa\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u902e\uff0c\u758f\u6f0f\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u96e3\u514d\u3002\u656c\u8acb\u5c08\u5bb6\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u8b80\u8005\u4e88\u4ee5\u6307\u6b63\u3002<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\u8b6f\u8005<\/p>\n \u3000\u30001998\u5e7411\u670828\u65e5<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\u65bc\u5317\u4eac\u897f\u55ae\u897f\u659c\u8857<\/p>\n 20\u4e16\u7d00\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u50b3\u8a18\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n \u2014\u2014\u82f1\u570b\u300a\u6bcf\u65e5\u96fb\u8a0a\u5831\u300b<\/p>\n \u5c0d\u6211\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4f0a\u85a9\u514b\u00b7\u591a\u4f0a\u5fb9\u4e09\u5377\u672c\u7684\u6258\u6d1b\u8328\u57fa\u751f\u5e73\u662f\u9019\u4e00\u5e74*\u6fc0\u52d5\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u8b80\u7269\u3002\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\uff0c\u9019\u90e8\u50b3\u8a18\u80af\u5b9a\u6703\u5217\u5165\u7528\u82f1\u8a9e\u5beb\u6210\u7684*\u79c0\u7684\u50b3\u8a18\u4e4b\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n \u2014\u2014\u82f1\u570b\u8457\u540d\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u683c\u62c9\u6f22\u59c6\u00b7\u683c\u6797<\/p>\n \u4ed6\uff08\u4f0a\u85a9\u514b\u00b7\u591a\u4f0a\u5fb9\uff09\u6bd4\u4ee5\u5f80\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u90fd\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u3001\u66f4\u8a73\u76e1\u5730\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u9019\u90e8\u50b3\u8a18\u5c0d\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u8607\u4fc4\u548c\u570b\u969b\u5171\u7522\u4e3b\u7fa9\u6b77\u53f2\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u66f8\u3002<\/p>\n \u2014\u2014\u82f1\u570b\u8457\u540d\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6A. J. P. \u6cf0\u52d2<\/p>\n \uff08\u5b83\uff09\u7d66\u6211\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u5f88\u6df1\u7684\u5370\u8c61\uff0c\u4f7f\u6211\u990a\u6210\u4e86\u8cab\u7a7f\u9918\u751f\u7684\u5c0d\u653f\u6cbb\u50b3\u8a18\u7684\u71b1\u611b\u3002<\/p>\n \u2014\u2014\u82f1\u570b\u524d\u9996\u76f8\u8a17\u5c3c\u00b7\u5e03\u840a\u723e<\/p>\n \u4f5c\u70ba\u6ce2\u862d\u5171\u7522\u9ee8\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5b78\u5f92\uff0c\u591a\u4f0a\u5fb9\u901a\u66c9\u5fb7\u8a9e\u548c\u4fc4\u8a9e\uff0c\u719f\u77e5\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u500b\u82f1\u8a9e\u5beb\u4f5c\u7684\u80fd\u624b\u3002 \u2026\u2026\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u66f4\u591a\u5730\u628a\u8607\u806f\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4fdd\u5b58\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u8a18\u61b6\u88e1\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u591a\u4f0a\u5fb9\u5247\u5ba2\u89c0\u5730\u8a55\u50f9\u5b83\uff0c\u4ee5\u5176\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u60f3\u50cf\u529b\u65e2\u60f3\u5230\u5b83*\u521d\u7684\u5b8f\u5049\uff0c\u4e5f\u9810\u6599\u5230\u5b83\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u8150\u6557\u3002\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4f86\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u5931\u53bb\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba1917\u5e74\u7684\u9769\u547d\u52d5\u529b\u7d42\u5c07\u5f9e\u99d5\u99ad\u5b83\u7684\u547d\u904b\u4e2d\u6062\u5fa9\u904e\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u800c\u544a\u7d42\u3002<\/p>\n \u2014\u2014\u82f1\u570b\u7576\u4ee3\u8457\u540d\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u4e3b\u7fa9\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f69\u91cc\u00b7\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u3001<\/p>\n \u89e3\u6563\u7acb\u61b2\u6703\u8b70<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000<\/p>\n \u3000\u3000\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u570b\u5167\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4e0d\u50c5\u50c5\u5c40\u9650\u65bc\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u66b4\u529b\u7684\u6216\u4e0d\u5920\u66b4\u529b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c0d\u5341\u6708\u9769\u547d\u7684\u5426\u5b9a\u64f4\u5c55\u5230\u5c0d\u5e03\u723e\u4ec0\u7dad\u514b\u9ee8\u3001\u5b83\u7684\u9818\u8896\u5217\u5be7\u548c\u5b83\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u4e0a\u3002\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u70ba\u4eba\u6240\u8a6c\u75c5\u7684\u4e00\u662f\u5168\u90e8\u653f\u6b0a\u6b78\u8607\u7dad\u57c3\u7684\u53e3\u865f\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u89e3\u6563\u7acb\u61b2\u6703\u8b70\u3002<\/p>\n 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