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\"1.jpg\"\/\"2.jpg\"\/<\/p>\n

\u570b\u5916\u540d\u6821\u540d\u8457\u3010\u5316\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7d9c\u5408\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\u3011\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u7248\uff09<\/strong><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5167\u5bb9\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u300a\u5316\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7d9c\u5408\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u300b\u662fRichard Turton\u3001Joseph A. Shaeiwitz\u3001Debangsu Bhattacharyya\u548cWallace B. Whiting\u6559\u6388\u6240\u8457\u7684\u570b\u969b\u7d93\u5178\u6559\u6750\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u662f\u539f\u8457\u7b2c\u4e94\u7248\u7684\u5f71\u5370\u7248\uff0c\u5f9e\u5316\u5de5\u8a2d\u8a08\u6240\u9700\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u8b1b\u8d77\uff0c\u6307\u5c0e\u5b8c\u6574\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e00\u500b\u5316\u5de5\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u7bc7\u5206\u5225\u8b1b\u8ff0\u4e86\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u6240\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u65b9\u65b9\u9762\u9762\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5316\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5de5\u7a0b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u6790\u3001\u5408\u6210\u8207\u512a\u5316\uff0c\u5316\u5de5\u8a2d\u5099\u548c\u5de5\u85dd\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u6548\u80fd\uff0c\u5316\u5de5\u8a2d\u8a08\u5c0d\u793e\u6703\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u969b\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u6e9d\u901a\u6280\u5de7\u3002 \u672c\u66f8\u5305\u62ec\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u548c\u502b\u7406\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4e26\u91cd\u9ede\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u5e38\u898b\u55ae\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5982\u6d41\u9ad4\u6d41\u52d5\u3001\u50b3\u71b1\u3001\u5206\u96e2\u3001\u53cd\u61c9\u5668\u7b49\u3002 \u4ee515\u7a2e\u5316\u5de5\u5de5\u85dd\u548c6\u500b\u5de5\u7a0b\u9805\u76ee\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8ad6\u8ff0\u4e86\u5316\u5de5\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e38\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u91cd\u9ede\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u8a2d\u8a08\u601d\u8def\u3002 \u300a\u5316\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u5206\u6790\u3001\u7d9c\u5408\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\u300b\u53ef\u4f5c\u70ba\u9ad8\u7b49\u5b78\u6821\u5316\u5de5\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u5c08\u696d\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6559\u6750\u548c\u7562\u696d\u8a2d\u8a08\u6307\u5c0e\u53c3\u8003\u66f8\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f9b\u77f3\u6cb9\u8207\u5316\u5de5\u3001\u88fd\u85e5\u53ca\u8f15\u5de5\u7b49\u884c\u696d\u5f9e\u4e8b\u79d1\u7814\u958b\u767c\u3001\u751f\u7522\u79d1\u6280\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u4eba\u54e1\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u53c3\u6537\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u00b7\u7279\u9813\uff08Richard Turton\uff09\u5728\u904e\u53bb\u768432\u5e74\u88cf\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u897f\u4f5b\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002 \u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u5efa\u7bc9\u884c\u696d\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e865\u5e74\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u904e\u7a0b\u7cfb\u7d71\u5efa\u6a21\u3002 \u7d04\u745f\u592b\u00b7A. \u8b1d\u7dad\u8328\uff08Joseph A. Shaeiwitz\uff09\u5728\u897f\u4f5b\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u8a2d\u8a08\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8d85\u904e25\u5e74\u3002 \u4ed6\u73fe\u5728\u5728\u5967\u672c\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u8a2d\u8a08\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u5305\u62ec\u904e\u7a0b\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u6210\u679c\u8a55\u4f30\u3002 \u5fb7\u90a6\u8607\u00b7\u5df4\u5854\u67e5\u88cf\u4e9e\uff08Debangsu Bhattacharyya\uff09\u64c1\u6709\u5341\u9918\u5e74\u5927\u578b\u7149\u6cb9\u5ee0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u7d93\u9a57\u3002 \u5728\u7149\u6cb9\u5ee0\u5de5\u4f5c\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5de5\u85dd\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u88dd\u7f6e\u958b\u8eca\u3001\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u5de5\u85dd\u985e\u6bd4\u548c\u904e\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 \u4ed6\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u904e\u7a0b\u5efa\u6a21\u3001\u52d5\u614b\u6a21\u64ec\u3001\u72c0\u614b\u4f30\u8a08\u3001\u611f\u6e2c\u5668\u914d\u5bd8\u548c\u9ad8\u7d1a\u904e\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u3002 \u83ef\u840a\u58eb\u00b7B. \u61f7\u5ef7\uff08Wallace B. Whiting\uff09\u662f\u5167\u83ef\u9054\u5927\u5b78\u88cf\u8afe\u5206\u6821\u7684\u540d\u8b7d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u5316\u5de5\u5de5\u85dd\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5be6\u8e10\u548c\u6559\u5b78\u5de5\u4f5c\u8d85\u904e24\u5e74\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u9304<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nomenclature<\/p>\n

\u7b26\u865f\u9336<\/p>\n

\u7b2c0\u7ae0Outcomes Assessment<\/p>\n

\u6210\u679c\u8a55\u4f301<\/p>\n

0.1 Student Self-Assessment \/\u5b78\u751f\u81ea\u6211\u8a55\u4f30\/ 2<\/p>\n

0.2 Assessment by Faculty \/\u6559\u54e1\u8a55\u4f30\/ 4<\/p>\n

0.3 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 6<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 6<\/p>\n

\u7b2c1\u7bc7Conceptualization and Analysis of Chemical Processes<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u5206\u67907<\/p>\n

\u7b2c1\u7ae0Diagrams for Understanding Chemical Processes<\/p>\n

\u77ad\u89e3\u5316\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5716\u88689<\/p>\n

1.1 Block Flow Diagram\uff08BFD\uff09\/\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6846\u5716\uff08BFD\uff09\/ 11<\/p>\n

1.1.1 Block Flow Process Diagram \/\u65b9\u6846\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\/ 11<\/p>\n

1.1.2 Block Flow Plant Diagram \/\u65b9\u584a\u6d41\u7a0b\u5de5\u5ee0\u5716\/ 12<\/p>\n

1.2 Process Flow Diagram\uff08PFD\uff09\/\u5de5\u85dd\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\uff08PFD\uff09\/ 14<\/p>\n

1.2.1 Process Topology \/\u6d41\u7a0b\u62d3\u64b2\/ 14<\/p>\n

1.2.2 Stream Information \/\u7269\u6d41\u6578\u64da\/ 18<\/p>\n

1.2.3 Equipment Information \/\u8a2d\u5099\u8cc7\u8a0a\/ 21<\/p>\n

1.2.4 Combining Topology\uff0cStream Data\uff0cand Control Strategy to Give a PFD \/\u7d50\u5408\u62d3\u64b2\u3001\u7269\u6d41\u6578\u64da\u548c\u63a7\u5236\u7b56\u7565\u7684PFD\u5716\/ 21<\/p>\n

1.3 Piping and Instrumentation Diagram\uff08P&ID\uff09\/\u7b66\u9053\u53ca\u5100\u9336\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\uff08P&ID\uff09\/ 27<\/p>\n

1.4 Additional Diagrams \/\u9644\u52a0\u5716\u8868\/ 32<\/p>\n

1.5 Three-Dimensional Representation of a Process \/\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u4e09\u7dad\u8868\u793a\/ 34<\/p>\n

1.6 The 3-D Plant Model \/\u4e09\u7dad\u5de5\u5ee0\u6a21\u578b\/ 41<\/p>\n

1.7 Operator and 3-D Immersive Training Simulators \/\u64cd\u4f5c\u54e1\u53ca3-D\u6c89\u6d78\u5f0f\u8a13\u7df4\u6a21\u64ec\u5668\/ 43<\/p>\n

1.7.1 Operator Training Simulators\uff08OTS\uff09\/\u64cd\u4f5c\u54e1\u8a13\u7df4\u6a21\u64ec\u5668\uff08OTS\uff09\/ 43<\/p>\n

1.7.2 3-D Immersive Training Simulators\uff08ITS\uff09\/\u4e09\u7dad\u6c89\u6d78\u5f0f\u8a13\u7df4\u6a21\u64ec\u5668\uff08ITS\uff09\/ 45<\/p>\n

1.7.3 Linking the ITS with an OTS \/\u9023\u63a5ITS\u548cOTS \/ 46<\/p>\n

1.8 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 48<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 49<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 49<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 50<\/p>\n

\u7b2c2\u7ae0The Structure and Synthesis of Process Flow Diagrams<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u85dd\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u7d9c\u540855<\/p>\n

2.1 Hierarchy of Process Design \/\u904e\u7a0b\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u7d50\u69cb\/ 55<\/p>\n

2.2 Step 1\u2014Batch versus Continuous Process \/\u6b65\u9a5f1\u2014\u2014\u9593\u6b47\u904e\u7a0b\u8207\u9023\u7e8c\u904e\u7a0b\/ 56<\/p>\n

2.3 Step 2\u2014The Input\/Output Structure of the Process \/\u6b65\u9a5f2\u2014\u2014\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u8f38\u5165\/\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u69cb\/ 60<\/p>\n

2.3.1 Process Concept Diagram \/\u904e\u7a0b\u6982\u5ff5\u5716\/ 60<\/p>\n

2.3.2 The Input\/Output Structure of the Process Flow Diagram \/\u5de5\u85dd\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\u7684\u8f38\u5165\/\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u69cb\/ 61<\/p>\n

2.3.3 The Input\/Output Structure and Other Features of the Generic Block Flow Process Diagram \/\u901a\u7528\u65b9\u6846\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\u7684\u8f38\u5165\/\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u69cb\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u7279\u5fb5\/ 63<\/p>\n

2.3.4 Other Considerations for the Input\/Output Structure of the Process Flowsheet \/\u5de5\u85dd\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\u8f38\u5165\/\u8f38\u51fa\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u8003\u616e\u56e0\u7d20\/ 65<\/p>\n

2.3.5 What Information Can Be Determined Using the Input\/Output Diagram for a Process\uff1f\/ \u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u8f38\u5165\/\u8f38\u51fa\u5716\u53ef\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u54ea\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\/ 68<\/p>\n

2.4 Step 3\u2014The Recycle Structure of the Process \/\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b65\u2014\u2014\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\u7d50\u69cb\/ 70<\/p>\n

2.4.1 Efficiency of Raw Material Usage \/\u539f\u6750\u6599\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u7387\/ 70<\/p>\n

2.4.2 Identification and Definition of the Recycle Structure of the Process \/\u5de5\u85dd\u8ff4\u5708\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u8b58\u5225\u548c\u5b9a\u7fa9\/ 71<\/p>\n

2.4.3 Other Issues Affecting the Recycle Structure That Lead to Process Alternatives \/\u5f71\u97ff\u5c0e\u81f4\u5de5\u85dd\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u8ff4\u5708\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u554f\u984c\/ 75<\/p>\n

2.5 Step 4\u2014General Structure of the Separation System \/\u7b2c4\u6b65\u2014\u2014\u5206\u96e2\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u7d50\u69cb\/ 83<\/p>\n

2.6 Step 5\u2014Heat-Exchanger Network or Process Energy Recovery System \/\u7b2c5\u6b65\u2014\u2014\u63db\u71b1\u7db2\u7d61\u6216\u904e\u7a0b\u80fd\u91cf\u56de\u6536\u7cfb\u7d71\/ 83<\/p>\n

2.7 Information Required and Sources \/\u6240\u9700\u8cc7\u8a0a\u548c\u4f86\u6e90\/ 83<\/p>\n

2.8 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 83<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 85<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 86<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 86<\/p>\n

\u7b2c3\u7ae0Batch Processing<\/p>\n

\u9593\u6b47\u904e\u7a0b91<\/p>\n

3.1 Design Calculations for Batch Processes \/\u9593\u6b47\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u8a08\u7b97\/ 91<\/p>\n

3.2 Gantt Charts and Scheduling \/\u7518\u7279\u5716\u548c\u9032\u5ea6\u8a08\u756b\/ 97<\/p>\n

3.3 Nonoverlapping Operations\uff0cOverlapping Operations\uff0cand Cycle Times \/\u975e\u91cd\u758a\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u91cd\u758a\u64cd\u4f5c\u548c\u9031\u671f\u6642\u9593\/ 98<\/p>\n

3.4 Flowshop and Jobshop Plants \/\u6d41\u6c34\u7dda\u548c\u8eca\u9593\u5de5\u5ee0\/ 101<\/p>\n

3.4.1 Flowshop Plants \/\u6d41\u6c34\u7dda\u5de5\u5ee0\/ 101<\/p>\n

3.4.2 Jobshop Plants \/\u8eca\u9593\u5de5\u5ee0\/ 103<\/p>\n

3.5 Product and Intermediate Storage and Parallel Process Units \/\u7522\u54c1\u548c\u4e2d\u9593\u5b58\u5132\u53ca\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u55ae\u5143\/ 106<\/p>\n

3.5.1 Product Storage for Single-Product Campaigns \/\u55ae\u4e00\u7522\u54c1\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u7522\u54c1\u5b58\u5132\/ 106<\/p>\n

3.5.2 Intermediate Storage \/\u4e2d\u9593\u5b58\u5132\/ 108<\/p>\n

3.5.3 Parallel Process Units \/\u4e26\u884c\u8655\u7406\u55ae\u5143\/ 110<\/p>\n

3.6 Design of Equipment for Multiproduct Batch Processes \/\u591a\u7522\u54c1\u9593\u6b47\u8655\u7406\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\/ 111<\/p>\n

3.7 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 113<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 114<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 114<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 114<\/p>\n

\u7b2c4\u7ae0Chemical Product Design<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5de5\u7522\u54c1\u8a2d\u8a08123<\/p>\n

4.1 Strategies for Chemical Product Design \/\u5316\u5de5\u7522\u54c1\u8a2d\u8a08\u7b56\u7565\/ 124<\/p>\n

4.2 Needs \/\u9700\u6c42\/ 125<\/p>\n

4.3 Ideas \/\u65b9\u6cd5\/ 127<\/p>\n

4.4 Selection \/\u7be9\u9078\/ 128<\/p>\n

4.5 Manufacture \/\u52a0\u5de5\/ 130<\/p>\n

4.6 Batch Processing \/\u9593\u6b47\u904e\u7a0b\/ 131<\/p>\n

4.7 Economic Considerations \/\u7d93\u6fdf\u56e0\u7d20\/ 131<\/p>\n

4.8 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 132<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 132<\/p>\n

\u7b2c5\u7ae0Tracing Chemicals through the Process Flow Diagram \/\u901a\u904e\u5de5\u85dd\u6d41\u7a0b\u5716\u8ffd\u8de1\u5316\u5b78\u54c1135<\/p>\n

5.1 Guidelines and Tactics for Tracing Chemicals \/\u8ffd\u8de1\u5316\u5b78\u54c1\u7684\u6307\u5357\u548c\u7b56\u7565\/ 135<\/p>\n

5.2 Tracing Primary Paths Taken by Chemicals in a Chemical Process \/\u8ffd\u8de1\u5316\u5b78\u54c1\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u8def\u5f91\/ 136<\/p>\n

5.3 Recycle and Bypass Streams \/\u8ff4\u5708\u548c\u65c1\u901a\u6d41\/ 142<\/p>\n

5.4 Tracing Nonreacting Chemicals \/\u8ffd\u8de1\u4e0d\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u54c1\/ 145<\/p>\n

5.5 Limitations \/\u5c40\u9650\u6027\/ 145<\/p>\n

5.6 Written Process Description \/\u66f8\u9762\u6d41\u7a0b\u6982\u6cc1\/ 146<\/p>\n

5.7 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 147<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 147<\/p>\n

\u7b2c6\u7ae0Understanding Process Conditions<\/p>\n

\u77ad\u89e3\u5de5\u85dd\u689d\u4ef6149<\/p>\n

6.1 Conditions of Special Concern for the Operation of Separation and Reactor Systems \/\u5206\u96e2\u548c\u53cd\u61c9\u5668\u7cfb\u7d71\u904b\u884c\u7684\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u689d\u4ef6\/ 150<\/p>\n

6.1.1 Pressure \/\u58d3\u529b\/ 150<\/p>\n

6.1.2 Temperature \/\u6eab\u5ea6\/ 150<\/p>\n

6.2 Reasons for Operating at Conditions of Special Concern \/\u5728\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u539f\u56e0\/ 152<\/p>\n

6.3 Conditions of Special Concern for the Operation of Other Equipment \/\u5176\u4ed6\u8a2d\u5099\u904b\u884c\u9700\u8981\u7279\u5225\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\/ 155<\/p>\n

6.4 Analysis of Important Process Conditions \/\u95dc\u9375\u5de5\u85dd\u689d\u4ef6\u5206\u6790\/ 158<\/p>\n

6.4.1 Evaluation of Reactor R-101 \/\u53cd\u61c9\u5668R-101\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\/ 158<\/p>\n

6.4.2 Evaluation of High-Pressure Phase Separator V-102 \/\u9ad8\u58d3\u76f8\u5206\u96e2\u5668V-102\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\/ 164<\/p>\n

6.4.3 Evaluation of Large Temperature Driving Force in Exchanger E-101 \/\u63db\u71b1\u5668E-101\u4e2d\u9ad8\u6eab\u9a45\u52d5\u529b\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\/ 164<\/p>\n

6.4.4 Evaluation of Exchanger E-102 \/\u63db\u71b1\u5668E-102\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\/ 164<\/p>\n

6.4.5 Pressure Control Valve on Stream 8 \/\u6d41\u8def8\u4e0a\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u95a5\/ 164<\/p>\n

6.4.6 Pressure Control Valve on Stream from V-102 to V-103 \/ V-102\u81f3V-103\u6d41\u8def\u4e0a\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u63a7\u5236\u95a5\/ 164<\/p>\n

6.5 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 165<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 165<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 165<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 166<\/p>\n

\u7b2c2\u7bc7Engineering Economic Analysis of Chemical Processes<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u6790169<\/p>\n

\u7b2c7\u7ae0Estimation of Capital Costs<\/p>\n

\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u7b97171<\/p>\n

7.1 Classifications of Capital Cost Estimates \/\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u7b97\u7684\u5206\u985e\/ 172<\/p>\n

7.2 Estimation of Purchased Equipment Costs \/\u63a1\u8cfc\u8a2d\u5099\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u7b97\/ 175<\/p>\n

7.2.1 Effect of Capacity on Purchased Equipment Cost \/\u7522\u80fd\u5c0d\u63a1\u8cfc\u8a2d\u5099\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\/ 175<\/p>\n

7.2.2 Effect of Time on Purchased Equipment Cost \/\u6642\u9593\u5c0d\u63a1\u8cfc\u8a2d\u5099\u6210\u672c\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\/ 179<\/p>\n

7.3 Estimating the Total Capital Cost of a Plant \/\u4f30\u7b97\u5de5\u5ee0\u7684\u7e3d\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\/ 182<\/p>\n

7.3.1 Lang Factor Technique \/\u6717\u56e0\u6578\u79d1\u6280\/ 184<\/p>\n

7.3.2 Module Costing Technique \/\u6a21\u584a\u6210\u672c\u79d1\u6280\/ 185<\/p>\n

7.3.3 Bare Module Cost for Equipment at Base Conditions \/\u57fa\u672c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u88f8\u6a21\u584a\u6210\u672c\/ 186<\/p>\n

7.3.4 Bare Module Cost for Non-Base-Case Conditions \/\u975e\u57fa\u672c\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u88f8\u6a21\u584a\u6210\u672c\/ 189<\/p>\n

7.3.5 Combination of Pressure and MOC Information to Give the Bare Module Factor\uff0cFBM\uff0cand Bare Module Cost\uff0cCBM \/\u7d50\u5408\u58d3\u529b\u548cMOC\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5f97\u51fa\u88f8\u6a21\u584a\u4fc2\u6578\uff08FBM\uff09\u548c\u88f8\u6a21\u584a\u6210\u672c\uff08CBM\uff09\/ 199<\/p>\n

7.3.6 Algorithm for Calculating Bare Module Costs \/\u8a08\u7b97\u88f8\u6a21\u584a\u6210\u672c\u7684\u7b97\u704b\/ 200<\/p>\n

7.3.7 Grassroots\uff08Green Field\uff09and Total Module Costs \/\u57fa\u5c64\uff08\u7da0\u5730\uff09\u548c\u7e3d\u6a21\u584a\u6210\u672c\/ 201<\/p>\n

7.3.8 A Computer Program\uff08CAPCOST\uff09for Capital Cost Estimation Using the Equipment Module Approach \/\u7528\u8a2d\u5099\u6a21\u584a\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u56fa\u5b9a\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u7b97\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08CAPCOST\uff09\/ 204<\/p>\n

7.4 Estimation of Plant Costs Based on Capacity Information \/\u57fa\u65bc\u7522\u80fd\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u5de5\u5ee0\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u7b97\/ 206<\/p>\n

7.5 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 208<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 208<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 209<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 210<\/p>\n

\u7b2c8\u7ae0Estimation of Manufacturing Costs<\/p>\n

\u751f\u7522\u6210\u672c\u7684\u4f30\u7b97213<\/p>\n

8.1 Factors Affecting the Cost of Manufacturing a Chemical Product \/\u5f71\u97ff\u5316\u5de5\u7522\u54c1\u751f\u7522\u6210\u672c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\/ 213<\/p>\n

8.2 Cost of Operating Labor \/\u904b\u71df\u4eba\u5de5\u6210\u672c\/ 218<\/p>\n

8.3 Utility Costs \/\u516c\u7528\u8a2d\u65bd\u6210\u672c\/ 219<\/p>\n

8.3.1 Background Information on Utilities \/\u516c\u7528\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u8cc7\u8a0a\/ 219<\/p>\n

8.3.2 Calculation of Utility Costs \/\u516c\u7528\u8a2d\u65bd\u6210\u672c\u8a08\u7b97\/ 221<\/p>\n

8.4 Raw Material Costs \/\u539f\u6750\u6599\u6210\u672c\/ 234<\/p>\n

8.5 Yearly Costs and Stream Factors \/\u5e74\u5ea6\u6210\u672c\u548c\u751f\u7522\u5b9a\u984d\/ 237<\/p>\n

8.6 Estimating Utility Costs from the PFD \/\u6839\u64daPFD\u4f30\u7b97\u516c\u7528\u8a2d\u65bd\u6210\u672c\/ 238<\/p>\n

8.7 Cost of Treating Liquid and Solid Waste Streams \/\u8655\u7406\u6db2\u9ad4\u548c\u56fa\u9ad4\u5ee2\u7269\u6d41\u7684\u6210\u672c\/ 240<\/p>\n

8.8 Evaluation of Cost of Manufacture for the Production of Benzene via the Hydrodealkylation of Toluene \/\u7532\u82ef\u52a0\u6c2b\u812b\u70f7\u57fa\u5236\u82ef\u7684\u751f\u7522\u6210\u672c\u4f30\u7b97\/ 241<\/p>\n

8.9 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 242<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 243<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 243<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 244<\/p>\n

\u7b2c9\u7ae0Engineering Economic Analysis<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u7a0b\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u6790247<\/p>\n

9.1 Investments and the Time Value of Money \/\u6295\u8cc7\u8207\u8ca8\u5e63\u7684\u6642\u9593\u50f9\u503c\/ 248<\/p>\n

9.2 Different Types of Interest \/\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5229\u7387\/ 251<\/p>\n

9.2.1 Simple Interest \/\u55ae\u5229\/ 252<\/p>\n

9.2.2 Compound Interest \/\u8907\u5229\/ 252<\/p>\n

9.2.3 Interest Rates Changing with Time \/\u5229\u7387\u96a8\u6642\u9593\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\/ 253<\/p>\n

9.3 Time Basis for Compound Interest Calculations \/\u8907\u5229\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6642\u9593\u57fa\u6e96\/ 254<\/p>\n

9.3.1 Effective Annual Interest Rate \/\u5be6\u969b\u5e74\u5229\u7387\/ 254<\/p>\n

9.3.2 Continuously Compounded Interest \/\u9023\u7e8c\u8907\u5229\/ 255<\/p>\n

9.4 Cash Flow Diagrams \/\u73fe\u91d1\u6d41\u901a\u5716\/ 255<\/p>\n

9.4.1 Discrete Cash Flow Diagram \/\u96e2\u6563\u73fe\u91d1\u6d41\u901a\u5716\/ 256<\/p>\n

9.4.2 Cumulative Cash Flow Diagram \/\u7d2f\u7a4d\u73fe\u91d1\u6d41\u901a\u5716\/ 258<\/p>\n

9.5 Calculations from Cash Flow Diagrams \/\u73fe\u91d1\u6d41\u901a\u5716\u8a08\u7b97\/ 259<\/p>\n

9.5.1 Annuities\u2014A Uniform Series of Cash Transactions \/\u5e74\u91d1\u2014\u2014\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u73fe\u91d1\u4ea4\u6613\u7cfb\u5217\/ 260<\/p>\n

9.5.2 Discount Factors \/\u6298\u73fe\u4fc2\u6578\/ 261<\/p>\n

9.6 Inflation \/\u901a\u8ca8\u81a8\u8139\/ 266<\/p>\n

9.7 Depreciation of Capital Investment \/\u8cc7\u672c\u6295\u8cc7\u6298\u820a\/ 268<\/p>\n

9.7.1 Fixed Capital\uff0cWorking Capital\uff0cand Land \/\u56fa\u5b9a\u8cc7\u672c\u3001\u71df\u904b\u8cc7\u672c\u548c\u571f\u5730\/ 269<\/p>\n

9.7.2 Different Types of Depreciation \/\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\u7684\u6298\u820a\/ 269<\/p>\n

9.7.3 Current Depreciation Method\uff082017\uff09:Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System\uff08MACRS\uff09\/\u73fe\u884c\u6298\u820a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff082017\u5e74\uff09\uff1a\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u52a0\u901f\u6210\u672c\u56de\u6536\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08MACRS\uff09\/ 273<\/p>\n

9.8 Taxation\uff0cCash Flow\uff0cand Profit \/\u7a05\u6536\u3001\u73fe\u91d1\u6d41\u548c\u5229\u6f64\/ 274<\/p>\n

9.9 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 277<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 277<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 278<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 278<\/p>\n

\u7b2c10\u7ae0Profitability Analysis<\/p>\n

\u76c8\u5229\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u6790285<\/p>\n

10.1 A Typical Cash Flow Diagram for a New Project \/\u65b0\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u5178\u578b\u73fe\u91d1\u6d41\u901a\u5716\/ 285<\/p>\n

10.2 Profitability Criteria for Project Evaluation \/\u8a55\u4f30\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u76c8\u5229\u6a19\u6e96\/ 287<\/p>\n

10.2.1 Nondiscounted Profitability Criteria \/\u7121\u6298\u73fe\u76c8\u5229\u6a19\u6e96\/ 287<\/p>\n

10.2.2 Discounted Profitability Criteria \/\u6298\u73fe\u76c8\u5229\u6a19\u6e96\/ 291<\/p>\n

10.3 Comparing Several Large Projects:Incremental Economic Analysis \/\u6bd4\u8f03\u5e7e\u500b\u5927\u578b\u9805\u76ee\uff1a\u589e\u91cf\u7d93\u6fdf\u5206\u6790\/ 295<\/p>\n

10.4 Establishing Acceptable Returns from Investments:The Concept of Risk \/\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\u56de\u5831\uff1a\u98a8\u96aa\u6982\u5ff5\/ 298<\/p>\n

10.5 Evaluation of Equipment Alternatives \/\u8a2d\u5099\u66ff\u4ee3\u54c1\u8a55\u4f30\/ 299<\/p>\n

10.5.1 Equipment with the Same Expected Operating Lives \/\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u9810\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u58fd\u547d\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\/ 299<\/p>\n

10.5.2 Equipment with Different Expected Operating Lives \/\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u9810\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u58fd\u547d\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\/ 300<\/p>\n

10.6 Incremental Analysis for Retrofitting Facilities \/\u6539\u9020\u8a2d\u65bd\u7684\u589e\u91cf\u5206\u6790\/ 305<\/p>\n

10.6.1 Nondiscounted Methods for Incremental Analysis \/\u589e\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u7121\u6298\u73fe\u65b9\u6cd5\/ 305<\/p>\n

10.6.2 Discounted Methods for Incremental Analysis \/\u589e\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u7684\u6298\u73fe\u65b9\u6cd5\/ 308<\/p>\n

10.7 Evaluation of Risk in Evaluating Profitability \/\u8a55\u4f30\u76c8\u5229\u80fd\u529b\u6642\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u8a55\u4f30\/ 309<\/p>\n

10.7.1 Forecasting Uncertainty in Chemical Processes \/\u5316\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027\u9810\u6e2c\/ 310<\/p>\n

10.7.2 Quantifying Risk \/\u91cf\u5316\u98a8\u96aa\/ 314<\/p>\n

10.8 Profit Margin Analysis \/\u5229\u6f64\u7387\u5206\u6790\/ 325<\/p>\n

10.9 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 326<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 327<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 327<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 328<\/p>\n

\u7b2c3\u7bc7Synthesis and Optimization of Chemical Processes<\/p>\n

\u5316\u5de5\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8207\u512a\u5316343<\/p>\n

\u7b2c11\u7ae0Utilizing Experience-Based Principles to Confirm the Suitability of a Process Design<\/p>\n

\u5229\u7528\u57fa\u65bc\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u539f\u5247\u4f86\u78ba\u8a8d\u904e\u7a0b\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u9069\u7528\u6027347<\/p>\n

11.1 The Role of Experience in the Design Process \/\u8a2d\u8a08\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\/ 348<\/p>\n

11.1.1 Introduction to Technical Heuristics and Shortcut Methods \/\u79d1\u6280\u63a2\u7d22\u6cd5\u548c\u7c21\u6377\u6cd5\u7c21\u4ecb\/ 348<\/p>\n

11.1.2 Maximizing the Benefits Obtained from Experience \/\u5f9e\u7d93\u9a57\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u6700\u5927\u5316\u5229\u76ca\/ 349<\/p>\n

11.2 Presentation of Tables of Technical Heuristics and Guidelines \/\u79d1\u6280\u63a2\u7d22\u6cd5\u548c\u6307\u5357\u8868\u683c\/ 351<\/p>\n

11.3 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 354<\/p>\n

List of Informational Tables \/\u4fe1\u606f\u8868\/ 354<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 368<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 368<\/p>\n

\u7b2c12\u7ae0Synthesis of the PFD from the Generic BFD<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u901a\u7528BFD\u5408\u6210PFD 369<\/p>\n

12.1 Information Needs and Sources \/\u8cc7\u8a0a\u9700\u6c42\u548c\u4f86\u6e90\/ 370<\/p>\n

12.1.1 Interactions with Other Engineers and Scientists \/\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ea4\u6d41\/ 370<\/p>\n

12.1.2 Reaction Kinetics Data \/\u53cd\u61c9\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u6578\u64da\/ 370<\/p>\n

12.1.3 Physical Property Data \/\u7269\u6027\u6578\u64da\/ 371<\/p>\n

12.2 Reactor Section \/\u53cd\u61c9\u5668\u90e8\u5206\/ 372<\/p>\n

12.3 Separator Section \/\u5206\u96e2\u5668\u90e8\u5206\/ 373<\/p>\n

12.3.1 General Guidelines for Choosing Separation Operations \/\u9078\u64c7\u5206\u96e2\u64cd\u4f5c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6e96\u5247\/ 374<\/p>\n

12.3.2 Sequencing of Distillation Columns for Simple Distillation \/\u7c21\u55ae\u84b8\u993e\u7684\u84b8\u993e\u5854\u6392\u5e8f\/ 376<\/p>\n

12.3.3 Azeotropic Distillation \/\u5171\u6cb8\u84b8\u993e\/ 378<\/p>\n

12.4 Reactor Feed Preparation and Separator Feed Preparation Sections \/\u53cd\u61c9\u5668\u9032\u6599\u548c\u5206\u96e2\u5668\u9032\u6599\u90e8\u5206\/ 388<\/p>\n

12.5 Recycle Section \/\u518d\u8ff4\u5708\u90e8\u5206\/ 389<\/p>\n

12.6 Environmental Control Section \/\u74b0\u5883\u63a7\u5236\u7d44\/ 389<\/p>\n

12.7 Major Process Control Loops \/\u4e3b\u8981\u904e\u7a0b\u63a7\u5236\u56de\u8def\/ 390<\/p>\n

12.8 Flow Summary Table \/\u6d41\u91cf\u532f\u7e3d\u8868\/ 390<\/p>\n

12.9 Major Equipment Summary Table \/\u4e3b\u8981\u8a2d\u5099\u532f\u7e3d\u8868\/ 390<\/p>\n

12.10 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 391<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 391<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 392<\/p>\n

\u7b2c13\u7ae0Synthesis of a Process Using a Simulator and Simulator Troubleshooting<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u64ec\u5668\u9032\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u5408\u6210\u53ca\u6a21\u64ec\u5668\u6545\u969c\u6392\u9664397<\/p>\n

13.1 The Structure of a Process Simulator \/\u904e\u7a0b\u6a21\u64ec\u5668\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\/ 398<\/p>\n

13.2 Information Required to Complete a Process Simulation:Input Data \/\u5b8c\u6210\u904e\u7a0b\u985e\u6bd4\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff1a\u8f38\u5165\u6578\u64da\/ 401<\/p>\n

13.2.1 Selection of Chemical Components \/\u5316\u5b78\u6210\u5206\u7684\u9078\u64c7\/ 401<\/p>\n

13.2.2 Selection of Physical Property Models \/\u7269\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u9078\u64c7\/ 401<\/p>\n

13.2.3 Selection and Input of Flowsheet Topology \/\u6d41\u7a0b\u62d3\u64b2\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u8f38\u5165\/ 404<\/p>\n

13.2.4 Selection of Feed Stream Properties \/\u9032\u6599\u7269\u6d41\u7279\u6027\u7684\u9078\u64c7\/ 404<\/p>\n

13.2.5 Selection of Equipment Parameters \/\u8a2d\u5099\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u9078\u64c7\/ 405<\/p>\n

13.2.6 Selection of Output Display Options \/\u8f38\u51fa\u986f\u793a\u9078\u9805\u7684\u9078\u64c7\/ 411<\/p>\n

13.2.7 Selection of Convergence Criteria and Running a Simulation \/\u6536\u6582\u6027\u5224\u5b9a\u6e96\u5247\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u8207\u6a21\u64ec\/ 411<\/p>\n

13.2.8 Common Errors in Using Simulators \/\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u64ec\u5668\u7684\u5e38\u898b\u932f\u8aa4\/ 412<\/p>\n

13.3 Handling Recycle Streams \/\u8655\u7406\u518d\u8ff4\u5708\u6d41\/ 413<\/p>\n

13.4 Choosing Thermodynamic Models \/\u9078\u64c7\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u6a21\u578b\/ 415<\/p>\n

13.4.1 Pure-Component Properties \/\u7d14\u7d44\u5206\u6027\u8cea\/ 416<\/p>\n

13.4.2 Enthalpy \/\u7113\/ 416<\/p>\n

13.4.3 Phase Equilibria \/\u76f8\u5e73\u8861\/ 416<\/p>\n

13.4.4 Using Thermodynamic Models \/\u4f7f\u7528\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u6a21\u578b\/ 424<\/p>\n

13.5 Case Study:Toluene Hydrodealkylation Process \/\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u7532\u82ef\u52a0\u6c2b\u812b\u70f7\u57fa\u5316\u5de5\u85dd\/ 426<\/p>\n

13.6 Electrolyte Systems Modeling \/\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u7cfb\u7d71\u5efa\u6a21\/ 428<\/p>\n

13.6.1 Fundamentals of Modeling Electrolyte Systems \/\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u7cfb\u7d71\u5efa\u6a21\u57fa\u790e\/ 429<\/p>\n

13.6.2 Steps Needed to Build the Model of an Aqueous Electrolyte System and the Estimation of Parameters \/\u5efa\u7acb\u6c34\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u548c\u53c3\u6578\u4f30\u8a08\/ 435<\/p>\n

13.7 Solids Modeling \/\u5be6\u9ad4\u6a21\u578b\/ 440<\/p>\n

13.7.1 Physical Properties \/\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8cea\/ 440<\/p>\n

13.7.2 Parameter Requirements for Solids Model \/\u5be6\u9ad4\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u8981\u6c42\/ 442<\/p>\n

\u9644\u930413.1 Calculation of Excess Gibbs Energy for Electrolyte Systems<\/p>\n

\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u7cfb\u7d71\u8d85\u984d\u5409\u5e03\u65af\u80fd\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\/ 445<\/p>\n

\u9644\u930413.2 Steps to Build a Model of a Distillation Column for an Electrolyte System Using a Rate-Based Simulation with a Film Model for Mass Transfer\uff0cthe Parameters Required at Each Stage\uff0cand Possible Sources of These Parameters<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u57fa\u65bc\u901f\u7387\u7684\u985e\u6bd4\u5efa\u7acb\u96fb\u89e3\u8cea\u7cfb\u7d71\u7cbe\u993e\u5854\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u50b3\u8cea\u8584\u819c\u6a21\u578b\u3001\u6bcf\u500b\u968e\u6bb5\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53c3\u6578\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u4e9b\u53c3\u6578\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4f86\u6e90\/ 447<\/p>\n

13.8 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 450<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 451<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 454<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 455<\/p>\n

\u7b2c14\u7ae0Process Optimization<\/p>\n

\u904e\u7a0b\u512a\u5316463<\/p>\n

14.1 Background Information on Optimization \/\u512a\u5316\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u8cc7\u8a0a\/ 463<\/p>\n

14.1.1 Common Misconceptions \/\u5e38\u898b\u8aa4\u5340\/ 465<\/p>\n

14.1.2 Estimating Problem Difficulty \/\u8a55\u4f30\u554f\u984c\u96e3\u5ea6\/ 467<\/p>\n

14.1.3 Top-Down and Bottom-Up Strategies \/\u81ea\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0b\u6cd5\u548c\u81ea\u4e0b\u800c\u4e0a\u6cd5\/ 468<\/p>\n

14.1.4 Communication of Optimization Results \/\u512a\u5316\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\/ 468<\/p>\n

14.2 Strategies \/\u65b9\u6cd5\/ 469<\/p>\n

14.2.1 Base Case \/\u57fa\u672c\u60c5\u51b5\/ 469<\/p>\n

14.2.2 Objective Functions \/\u76ee\u6a19\u51fd\u6578\/ 470<\/p>\n

14.2.3 Analysis of the Base Costs \/\u57fa\u790e\u6210\u672c\u5206\u6790\/ 471<\/p>\n

14.2.4 Identifying and Prioritizing Key Decision Variable \/\u8b58\u5225\u95dc\u9375\u6c7a\u7b56\u8b8a\u6578\u4e26\u78ba\u5b9a\u5176\u512a\u5148\u9806\u5e8f\/ 471<\/p>\n

14.3 Topological Optimization \/\u62d3\u64b2\u512a\u5316\/ 473<\/p>\n

14.3.1 Introduction \/\u5f15\u8a00\/ 473<\/p>\n

14.3.2 Elimination of Unwanted Nonhazardous By-Products or Hazardous Waste Streams \/\u6d88\u9664\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7121\u5bb3\u526f\u7522\u54c1\u6216\u5371\u96aa\u5ee2\u7269\u6d41\/ 473<\/p>\n

14.3.3 Elimination and Rearrangement of Equipment \/\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u6dd8\u6c70\u548c\u91cd\u65b0\u4f48\u7f6e\/ 475<\/p>\n

14.3.4 Alternative Separation Schemes and Reactor Configurations \/\u53ef\u9078\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u65b9\u6848\u548c\u53cd\u61c9\u5668\u914d\u5bd8\/ 477<\/p>\n

14.4 Parametric Optimization \/\u53c3\u6578\u512a\u5316\/ 479<\/p>\n

14.4.1 Single-Variable Optimization:A Case Study on T-201\uff0cthe DME Separation Column \/\u55ae\u8b8a\u6578\u512a\u5316\uff1a\u4e8c\u7532\u919a\u5206\u96e2\u5854T-201\u7684\u5be6\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\/ 480<\/p>\n

14.4.2 Two-Variable Optimization:The Effect of Pressure and Reflux Ratio on T-201\uff0cthe DME Separation Column \/\u96d9\u8b8a\u6578\u512a\u5316\uff1a\u58d3\u529b\u548c\u56de\u6d41\u6bd4\u5c0d\u4e8c\u7532\u919a\u5206\u96e2\u5854T-201\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\/ 481<\/p>\n

14.4.3 Flowsheet Optimization Using Key Decision Variables \/\u5229\u7528\u95dc\u9375\u6c7a\u7b56\u8b8a\u6578\u9032\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u512a\u5316\/ 484<\/p>\n

14.5 Lattice Search\uff0cResponse Surface\uff0cand Mathematical Optimization Techniques \/\u9ede\u9663\u8490\u7d22\u3001\u56de\u61c9\u9762\u548c\u6578\u5b78\u512a\u5316\u79d1\u6280\/ 489<\/p>\n

14.6 Process Flexibility and the Sensitivity of the Optimum \/\u904e\u7a0b\u9748\u6d3b\u6027\u548c\u6700\u4f73\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\/ 489<\/p>\n

14.7 Optimization in Batch Systems \/\u9593\u6b47\u8655\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u512a\u5316\/ 490<\/p>\n

14.7.1 Problem of Scheduling Equipment \/\u8a2d\u5099\u8abf\u5ea6\u554f\u984c\/ 490<\/p>\n

14.7.2 Problem of Optimum Cycle Time \/\u6700\u4f73\u9031\u671f\u554f\u984c\/ 495<\/p>\n

14.8 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 497<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 498<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 498<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 498<\/p>\n

\u7b2c15\u7ae0Pinch Technology<\/p>\n

\u593e\u9ede\u79d1\u6280509<\/p>\n

15.1 Introduction \/\u5f15\u8a00\/ 509<\/p>\n

15.2 Heat Integration and Network Design \/\u71b1\u96c6\u6210\u548c\u7db2\u8def\u8a2d\u8a08\/ 510<\/p>\n

15.3 Composite Temperature-Enthalpy Diagram \/\u8907\u5408\u6eab\u5ea6-\u7113\u5716\/ 523<\/p>\n

15.4 Composite Enthalpy Curves for Systems without a Pinch \/\u7121\u593e\u9ede\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u8907\u5408\u7113\u66f2\u7dda\/ 524<\/p>\n

15.5 Using the Composite Enthalpy Curve to Estimate Heat-Exchanger Surface Area \/\u7528\u8907\u5408\u7113\u66f2\u7dda\u4f30\u7b97\u63db\u71b1\u5668\u8868\u9762\u7a4d\/ 525<\/p>\n

15.6 Effectiveness Factor\uff08F\uff09and the Number of Shells \/\u6709\u6548\u4fc2\u6578\uff08F\uff09\u548c\u6bbc\u7a0b\u6578\/ 529<\/p>\n

15.7 Combining Costs to Give the EAOC for the Network \/\u7d9c\u5408\u6210\u672c\u7d66\u51fa\u7db2\u7d61\u7684EAOC \/ 534<\/p>\n

15.8 Other Considerations \/\u5176\u4ed6\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805\/ 536<\/p>\n

15.8.1 Materials of Construction and Operating Pressure Issues \/\u8a2d\u5099\u8cc7\u6599\u548c\u64cd\u4f5c\u58d3\u529b\/ 536<\/p>\n

15.8.2 Problems with Multiple Utilities \/\u591a\u500b\u516c\u7528\u8a2d\u65bd\/ 539<\/p>\n

15.8.3 Handling Streams with Phase Changes \/\u8655\u7406\u76f8\u8b8a\u6d41\/ 539<\/p>\n

15.9 Heat-Exchanger Network Synthesis Analysis and Design\uff08HENSAD\uff09Program \/\u63db\u71b1\u5668\u7db2\u7d61\u7d9c\u5408\u5206\u6790\u8207\u8a2d\u8a08\uff08HENSAD\uff09\u7a0b\u5f0f\/ 540<\/p>\n

15.10 Mass-Exchange Networks \/\u8cea\u91cf\u4ea4\u63db\u7db2\u7d61\/ 541<\/p>\n

15.11 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 550<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 550<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 551<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 552<\/p>\n

\u7b2c16\u7ae0Advanced Topics Using Steady-State Simulators<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u7a69\u614b\u6a21\u64ec\u5668\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u4e3b\u984c561<\/p>\n

16.1 Why the Need for Advanced Topics in Steady-State Simulation\uff1f\/ \u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u5728\u7a69\u614b\u985e\u6bd4\u4e2d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u524d\u6cbf\u8a71\u984c\/ 562<\/p>\n

16.2 User-Added Models \/\u7528\u6236\u6dfb\u52a0\u6a21\u578b\/ 562<\/p>\n

16.2.1 Unit Operation Models \/\u55ae\u5143\u64cd\u4f5c\u6a21\u578b\/ 563<\/p>\n

16.2.2 User Thermodynamic and Transport Models \/\u7528\u6236\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u548c\u50b3\u8f38\u6a21\u578b\/ 564<\/p>\n

16.2.3 User Kinetic Models \/\u7528\u6236\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u6a21\u578b\/ 568<\/p>\n

16.3 Solution Strategy for Steady-State Simulations \/\u7a69\u614b\u985e\u6bd4\u7684\u65b9\u6848\u7b56\u7565\/ 571<\/p>\n

16.3.1 Sequential Modular\uff08SM\uff09\/\u5e8f\u8cab\u6a21\u584a\u6cd5\uff08SM\uff09\/ 572<\/p>\n

16.3.2 Equation-Oriented\uff08EO\uff09\/\u806f\u7acb\u65b9\u7a0b\u6cd5\uff08EO\uff09\/ 585<\/p>\n

16.3.3 Simultaneous Modular\uff08SMod\uff09\/\u540c\u6b65\u6a21\u7d44\u5316\uff08SMod\uff09\/ 586<\/p>\n

16.4 Studies with the Steady-State Simulation \/\u7a69\u614b\u985e\u6bd4\u7814\u7a76\/ 589<\/p>\n

16.4.1 Sensitivity Studies \/\u9748\u654f\u5ea6\u7814\u7a76\/ 589<\/p>\n

16.4.2 Optimization Studies \/\u512a\u5316\u7814\u7a76\/ 589<\/p>\n

16.5 Estimation of Physical Property Parameters \/\u7269\u6027\u53c3\u6578\u8a55\u4f30\/ 601<\/p>\n

16.6 Summary \/\u7e3d\u7d50\/ 605<\/p>\n

References \/\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\/ 605<\/p>\n

Short Answer Questions \/\u7c21\u7b54\u984c\/ 607<\/p>\n

Problems \/\u7fd2\u984c\/ 607<\/p>\n

………………………………..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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