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\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21<\/strong><\/span>\u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Michael A\uff0e Nielsen \uff08\u9081\u514b\u723e A. \u5c3c\u723e\u68ee\uff09<\/p>\n

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Isaac L\uff0e Chuang\uff08\u827e\u85a9\u514b L. \u838a\uff09<\/p>\n

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\u8b6f\u8005\u4ecb\u7d39<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5c1a\u4e91\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u6578\u5b78\u8207\u7cfb\u7d71\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3001CCF\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5c08\u59d4\u6703\u5e38\u52d9\u59d4\u54e1\u3001CCF\u5091\u51fa\u6703\u54e1\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8208\u8da3\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u57fa\u790e\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u904a\u8d70\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u9ede\u5143\u80de\u81ea\u52d5\u6a5f\u96fb\u8def\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u8a2d\u8a08\u8207\u512a\u5316\u7b49\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u658750\u591a\u7bc7\u3002\u7372CCF\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u734e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u4e8c\u7b49\u734e(1\/5\uff0c2021)\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6703IOP\u9ad8\u5f15\u7528\u4f5c\u8005\u734e(2021),\u738b\u5bec\u8aa0\u512a\u79c0\u5973\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c08\u9805\u734e(2012)\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u674e\u7da0\u9031\uff0c\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u5b78\u9662\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u8207\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7406\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6559\u6388\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u5b78\u6703\uff08CCF\uff09\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5c08\u696d\u7d44\u526f\u4e3b\u4efb\u3001CCF\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u5c08\u59d4\u6703\u5e38\u52d9\u59d4\u54e1\u3001CCF\u5091\u51fa\u6703\u54e1\u3002 2009\u5e746\u6708\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u7cfb\uff0c\u7372\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u9577\u671f\u5f9e\u4e8b\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u8208\u8da3\u5177\u9ad4\u5305\u62ec\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\u8207\u5fa9\u96dc\u6027\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u7dda\u8def\u512a\u5316\u7b49\uff0c\u5728\u570b\u5167\u5916\u77e5\u540d\u5b78\u8853\u671f\u520a\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u658760\u9918\u7bc7\uff0c\u51fa\u7248\u5b78\u8853\u5c08\u84571\u90e8\uff0c\u201c\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a21\u578b\u8207\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u201d\u7372\u5f97\u5ee3\u6771\u7701\u5091\u51fa\u9752\u5e74\u57fa\u91d1\u9805\u76ee\u8cc7\u52a9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5c39\u748b\u7426\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u9662\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6559\u6388\uff0cCCF \u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5c08\u59d4\u59d4\u54e1\u3002 1999 \u5e74\u5230 2009 \u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u897f\u5b89\u4ea4\u901a\u5927\u5b78\u5148\u5f8c\u7372\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5b78\u58eb\u3001\u78a9\u58eb\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002 2007 \u81f3 2009 \u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5bc6\u6b47\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u516c\u6d3e\u806f\u5408\u57f9\u990a\u3002 2010 \u5230 2019 \u5e74\u5148\u5f8c\u5728\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u6b66\u6f22\u7269\u7406\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u5927\u5b78\u548c\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002 2019 \u5e74\u8abf\u5165\u5317\u4eac\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8208\u8da3\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6e2c\u91cf\u3001\u5b8f\u89c0\u7cfb\u7d71\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\u7b49\uff0c\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587 70 \u9918\u7bc7\u3002\u5165\u9078\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u9752\u5e74\u9577\u6c5f\u5b78\u8005\uff082020\uff09\uff0c\u4efb\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u529b\u5b78\u5929\u6587\u5b78\uff08\u82f1\u6587\u7248\uff09\u300b\u9752\u5e74\u7de8\u59d4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9b4f\u671d\u6689\uff0c\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u4e18\u6210\u6850\u6578\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u5fc3\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\u3001CCF\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5c08\u59d4\u59d4\u54e1\u3002 2009\u5e74\u65bc\u6e05\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7cfb\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u5f8c\u524d\u5f80\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u91cf\u5b50\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u4efbResearch Fellow\uff0c\u65bc2018\u5e74\u8fd4\u56de\u6e05\u83ef\u4efb\u6559\u3002\u9577\u671f\u5f9e\u4e8b\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u8208\u8da3\u5305\u62ec\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u8ad6\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u932f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u7b49\uff0c\u5b78\u8853\u6210\u679c\u767c\u8868\u5728\u5305\u62ec<\/p>\n

\u300aIEEE Transactions on Information Theory\u300b\u300aMathematical Programming\u300b\u300aPhysical Review Letters\u300b\u7b49\u5728\u5167\u7684\u77e5\u540d\u5b78\u8853\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u3002 2020\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u512a\u79c0\u672c\u79d1\u7562\u696d\u8ad6\u6587\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u5e2b\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7530\u570b\u656c\uff0c\u4e2d\u79d1\u9662\u8a08\u7b97\u6240\u526f\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u3001CCF\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5c08\u696d\u7d44\u59d4\u54e1\u3001CCF\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u5c08\u59d4\u59d4\u54e1\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u6cd5\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8def\u512a\u5316\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u975e\u5c40\u57df\u6027\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u6a21\u64ec\u7b49\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5171\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u658717\u7bc7\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u7562\u696d\u8ad6\u6587\u88ab\u8a55\u70ba\u4e2d\u570b\u901a\u4fe1\u5b78\u6703\u512a\u79c0\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u8ad6\u6587\uff08\u5168\u570b\u517110\u7bc7\uff09\u3002\u4f5c\u70ba\u9805\u76ee\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba\uff0c\u5148\u5f8c\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5317\u4eac\u5e02\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u57fa\u91d1\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u57fa\u91d1\u9752\u5e74\u9805\u76ee\u7684\u8cc7\u52a9\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc2019\u5e74\u5165\u9078\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u5275\u65b0\u4eba\u624d\u652f\u6301\u8a08\u5283\uff08\u5168\u570b\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u5c08\u696d\u517116\u4eba\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u9304<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u7c21\u4ecb\u8207\u6982\u8ff0<\/p>\n

1.1\u5168\u8c8c<\/p>\n

1.1.1\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2<\/p>\n

1.1.2\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u5411<\/p>\n

1.2\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279<\/p>\n

1.3\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97<\/p>\n

1.3.1\u55ae\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u9580<\/p>\n

1.3.2\u591a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u9580<\/p>\n

1.3.3\u9664\u8a08\u7b97\u57fa\u5916\u7684\u91cf\u6e2c<\/p>\n

1.3.4\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8def<\/p>\n

1.3.5\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u8907\u88fd\u96fb\u8def\uff1f<\/p>\n

1.3.6\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u8c9d\u723e\u614b<\/p>\n

1.3.7\u793a\u4f8b\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u96b1\u5f62\u50b3\u614b<\/p>\n

1.4\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u704b<\/p>\n

1.4.1\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8a08\u7b97<\/p>\n

1.4.2\u91cf\u5b50\u4e26\u884c\u6027<\/p>\n

1.4.3Deutsch\u7b97\u704b<\/p>\n

1.4.4Deutsch\u2013Jozsa\u7b97\u704b<\/p>\n

1.4.5\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u704b\u7e3d\u7d50<\/p>\n

1.5\u5be6\u9a57\u91cf\u5b50\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8655\u7406<\/p>\n

1.5.1Stern-Gerlach\u5be6\u9a57<\/p>\n

1.5.2\u5be6\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8655\u7406\u7684\u524d\u666f<\/p>\n

1.6\u91cf\u5b50\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/p>\n

1.6.1\u91cf\u5b50\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7406\u8ad6\uff1a\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c<\/p>\n

1.6.2\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/p>\n

\u7b2c1\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u790e\u6982\u5ff5<\/p>\n

\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u57fa\u790e<\/p>\n

2.1\u7dda\u6027\u4ee3\u6578<\/p>\n

2.1.1\u57fa\u548c\u7dda\u6027\u7121\u95dc\u6027<\/p>\n

2.1.2\u7dda\u6027\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u548c\u77e9\u9663<\/p>\n

2.1.3\u6ce1\u5229\u77e9\u9663<\/p>\n

2.1.4\u5167\u7a4d<\/p>\n

2.1.5\u7279\u5fb5\u5411\u91cf\u548c\u7279\u5fb5\u503c<\/p>\n

2.1.6\u4f34\u96a8\u548c\u5384\u7c73\u904b\u7b97\u5143<\/p>\n

2.1.7\u5f35\u91cf\u7a4d<\/p>\n

2.1.8\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u51fd\u6578<\/p>\n

2.1.9\u5c0d\u6613\u5f0f\u548c\u53cd\u5c0d\u6613\u5f0f<\/p>\n

2.1.10\u6975\u5f0f\u5206\u89e3\u548c\u5947\u5f02\u503c\u5206\u89e3<\/p>\n

2.2\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u5047\u8a2d<\/p>\n

2.2.1\u72c0\u614b\u7a7a\u9593<\/p>\n

2.2.2\u6f14\u5316<\/p>\n

2.2.3\u91cf\u5b50\u91cf\u6e2c<\/p>\n

2.2.4\u5340\u5206\u91cf\u5b50\u72c0\u614b<\/p>\n

2.2.5\u6295\u5f71\u91cf\u6e2c<\/p>\n

2.2.6POVM\u91cf\u6e2c<\/p>\n

2.2.7\u76f8\u4f4d<\/p>\n

2.2.8\u8907\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n

2.2.9\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\uff1a\u7e3d\u89bd<\/p>\n

2.3\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u8d85\u5bc6\u7de8\u78bc<\/p>\n

2.4\u5bc6\u5ea6\u904b\u7b97\u5143<\/p>\n

2.4.1\u91cf\u5b50\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u7cfb\u7d9c<\/p>\n

2.4.2\u5bc6\u5ea6\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u8cea<\/p>\n

2.4.3\u7d04\u5316\u5bc6\u5ea6\u904b\u7b97\u5143<\/p>\n

2.5\u65bd\u5bc6\u7279\u5206\u89e3\u8207\u7d14\u5316<\/p>\n

2.6EPR\u548c\u8c9d\u723e\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f<\/p>\n

\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u7c21\u4ecb<\/p>\n

3.1\u8a08\u7b97\u6a21\u578b<\/p>\n

3.1.1\u5716\u9748\u6a5f<\/p>\n

3.1.2\u96fb\u8def<\/p>\n

3.2\u8a08\u7b97\u554f\u984c\u7684\u5206\u6790<\/p>\n

3.2.1\u5982\u4f55\u91cf\u5316\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90<\/p>\n

3.2.2\u8a08\u7b97\u8907\u96dc\u6027<\/p>\n

3.2.3\u5224\u5b9a\u6027\u554f\u984c\u8207\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u985eP\u8207NP<\/p>\n

3.2.4\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u985e<\/p>\n

3.2.5\u80fd\u91cf\u8207\u8a08\u7b97<\/p>\n

3.3\u95dc\u65bc\u8a08\u7b97\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u9ede<\/p>\n

\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8def<\/p>\n

4.1\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u704b<\/p>\n

4.2\u55ae\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u904b\u7b97<\/p>\n

4.3\u53d7\u63a7\u904b\u7b97<\/p>\n

4.4\u91cf\u6e2c<\/p>\n

4.5\u901a\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u9580<\/p>\n

4.5.1\u5169\u7d1a\u9149\u9580\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684<\/p>\n

4.5.2\u55ae\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u548c\u53d7\u63a7\u53cd\u9598\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684<\/p>\n

4.5.3\u901a\u7528\u904b\u7b97\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u96e2\u6563\u96c6\u5408<\/p>\n

4.5.4\u903c\u8fd1\u4efb\u610f\u9149\u9580\u4e00\u822c\u662f\u96e3\u7684<\/p>\n

4.5.5\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6<\/p>\n

4.6\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8def\u6a21\u578b\u8a08\u7b97\u7e3d\u7d50<\/p>\n

4.7\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u985e\u6bd4<\/p>\n

4.7.1\u884c\u70ba\u985e\u6bd4<\/p>\n

4.7.2\u91cf\u5b50\u985e\u6bd4\u7b97\u704b<\/p>\n

4.7.3\u8aaa\u660e\u6027\u793a\u4f8b<\/p>\n

4.7.4\u91cf\u5b50\u985e\u6bd4\u5c55\u671b<\/p>\n

\u7b2c2\u90e8\u5206\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97<\/p>\n

\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u5085\u88e1\u8449\u8b8a\u63db\u53ca\u5176\u61c9\u7528<\/p>\n

5.1\u91cf\u5b50\u5085\u88e1\u8449\u8b8a\u63db<\/p>\n

5.2\u76f8\u4f4d\u4f30\u8a08<\/p>\n

5.3\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u6c42\u968e\u8207\u56e0\u6578\u5206\u89e3\u554f\u984c<\/p>\n

5.3.1\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u6c42\u968e<\/p>\n

5.3.2\u61c9\u7528\uff1a\u56e0\u6578\u5206\u89e3<\/p>\n

5.4\u91cf\u5b50\u5085\u88e1\u8449\u8b8a\u63db\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u61c9\u7528<\/p>\n

5.4.1\u9031\u671f\u67e5\u627e<\/p>\n

5.4.2\u96e2\u6563\u5c0d\u6578\u554f\u984c<\/p>\n

5.4.3\u96b1\u542b\u5b50\u7fa4\u554f\u984c<\/p>\n

5.4.4\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7b97\u704b\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u8490\u7d22\u7b97\u704b<\/p>\n

6.1\u91cf\u5b50\u8490\u7d22\u7b97\u704b<\/p>\n

6.1.1Oracle<\/p>\n

6.1.2\u904e\u7a0b<\/p>\n

6.1.3\u5e7e\u4f55\u8996\u89ba\u5316<\/p>\n

6.1.4\u6548\u80fd<\/p>\n

6.2\u4f5c\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u985e\u6bd4\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8490\u7d22<\/p>\n

6.3\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u6578<\/p>\n

6.4NP\u5b8c\u5168\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u7684\u52a0\u901f<\/p>\n

6.5\u7121\u7d50\u69cb\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8490\u7d22<\/p>\n

6.6\u8490\u7d22\u7b97\u704b\u7684\u6027<\/p>\n

6.7\u9ed1\u76d2\u7b97\u704b\u7684\u6975\u9650<\/p>\n

\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\uff1a\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u73fe<\/p>\n

7.1\u6307\u5c0e\u6027\u539f\u5247<\/p>\n

7.2\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u689d\u4ef6<\/p>\n

7.2.1\u91cf\u5b50\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u8868\u793a<\/p>\n

7.2.2\u57f7\u884c\u9149\u8b8a\u63db<\/p>\n

\u2026.<\/p>\n

12.5.2\u7cfe\u7e8f\u84b8\u993e\u8207\u7a00\u91cb<\/p>\n

12.5.3\u7cfe\u7e8f\u84b8\u993e\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u932f<\/p>\n

12.6\u91cf\u5b50\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b78<\/p>\n

12.6.1\u79c1\u5bc6\u91d1\u9470\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b78<\/p>\n

12.6.2\u96b1\u79c1\u653e\u5927\u548c\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5354\u8abf<\/p>\n

12.6.3\u91cf\u5b50\u91d1\u9470\u5206\u767c<\/p>\n

12.6.4\u96b1\u79c1\u548c\u76f8\u5e72\u8cc7\u8a0a<\/p>\n

12.6.5\u91cf\u5b50\u91d1\u9470\u5206\u767c\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6027<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304A\u6982\u7387\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304B\u7fa4\u8ad6<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304CSolovay-Kitaev\u5b9a\u7406<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304D\u6578\u8ad6<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304E\u516c\u958b\u91d1\u9470\u5bc6\u78bc\u548cRSA\u5bc6\u78bc\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304FLieb\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u8b49\u660e<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/p>\n

———————————–<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7de8\u8f2f\u63a8\u85a6<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u662f\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u985b\u8986\u6027\u7684\u6280\u8853\u3002\u672c\u66f8\u65e8\u5728\u5e36\u9818\u8b80\u8005\u63a2\u7a76\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e26\u6df1\u5165\u89e3\u91cb\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u69cb\u5efa\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u5de5\u7a0b\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u96fb\u8def\u548c\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u53ef\u80fd\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u5e7e\u5927\u884c\u696d\u4ee5\u53ca\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u5411\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5c55\u671b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7279\u8272\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

.\u5f9e\u57fa\u790e\u6578\u5b78\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u6b65\u6b65\u70ba\u71df\uff0c\u5165\u9580\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97<\/p>\n

.\u5f88\u591a\u793a\u4f8b\u4f86\u81eaIBM Q\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7cfb\u7d71<\/p>\n

.\u5c08\u9580\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86\u601d\u8003\u984c\uff0c\u6309\u7ae0\u7bc0\u7de8\u865f\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b80\u8005\u6d88\u5316\u5438\u6536<\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u4f5c\u8005\u5165\u9078\u91cf\u5b50\u79d1\u6280\u5a92\u9ad4Quantum Zeitgeist\u8a55\u9078\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u52d5\u91cf\u5b50\u6280\u8853\u9769\u547d\u768420\u4f4d\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u201d\u3002 \uff08\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u5149\u5b50\u76d2\uff09<\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u528d\u6a4b\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u9996\u5e2d\u57f7\u884c\u5b98Ilyas Khan\u548cIBM Quantum\u958b\u767c\u5021\u5c0e\u8005James L. Weaver\u7684\u63a8\u85a6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8981\u95b1\u8b80\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u4e0d\u5fc5\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u9808\u4e8b\u5148\u4e86\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5167\u5bb9\u7c21\u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u4ecb\u7d39\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u8b80\u8005\u4e86\u89e3\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u548c\u6982\u6cc1\u3002\u5168\u66f8\u517112\u7ae0\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4ecb\u7d39\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5206\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5169\u500b\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6240\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u5c55\u671b\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u524d\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u9069\u5408\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u60f3\u8981\u5b78\u7fd2\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u5de5\u7a0b\u958b\u767c\u7b49\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279.S.\u8607\u6258\u723e\u64c1\u670930\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u6280\u8853\u884c\u696d\u5f9e\u696d\u7d93\u6b77\u4e26\u4e00\u76f4\u64d4\u4efb\u6280\u8853\u9818\u982d\u4eba\u548c\u6280\u8853\u9ad8\u7ba1\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u4e2d\uff0c\u670920\u591a\u5e74\u6642\u9593\u90fd\u5728IBM\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u7d10\u7d04\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5ea6\u904e\u3002\u5728\u9019\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6216\u9818\u5c0e\u8457\u7b26\u865f\u6578\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u3001\u512a\u5316\u3001\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u3001\u5340\u584a\u934a\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u53c3\u8207\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u8ad6\u6587\u4e26\u8207\u5df2\u6545\u7684\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7.D.\u8a79\u514b\u65af\uff08Richard D. Jenks\uff09\u5408\u8457\u4e86\u300aAxiom\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u7cfb\u7d71\u300b\u4e00\u66f8\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u66fe\u9818\u5c0e\u904e\u8a72\u4f01\u696d\u5728\u65b0\u8208\u884c\u696d\u6a19\u6e96\u3001Linux\u8edf\u4ef6\u3001\u79fb\u52d5\u548c\u958b\u6e90\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8edf\u4ef6\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7d93\u904e\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u548c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5b78\u9662\u672c\u79d1\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u4ed6\u7684\u7de8\u7a0b\u751f\u6daf\u59cb\u65bc15\u6b72\u6642\u4e26\u5df2\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u4e00\u8def\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7de8\u7a0b\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u9304<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58<\/p>\n

\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\uff1f 2<\/p>\n

1.1\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u72792<\/p>\n

1.2\u6211\u6c92\u6709\u72af\u56f0\uff01 5<\/p>\n

1.3\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a237<\/p>\n

1.4\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u61679<\/p>\n

1.5\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u91d1\u878d\u670d\u52d915<\/p>\n

1.6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u65bc\u52a0\u5bc6\u55ce\uff1f 18<\/p>\n

1.7\u5c0f\u7d5021<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u659922<\/p>\n

\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u7d93\u5178\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8001\u820a24<\/p>\n

2.1\u96fb\u8166\u5167\u90e8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\uff1f 24<\/p>\n

2.2 2\u7684\u5e4230<\/p>\n

2.3\u771f\u6216\u5047\uff1f 32<\/p>\n

2.4\u908f\u8f2f\u96fb\u8def34<\/p>\n

2.5\u908f\u8f2f\u4e0a\u7684\u52a0\u6cd537<\/p>\n

2.6\u5f9e\u7b97\u704b\u4e0a\u8b1b39<\/p>\n

2.7\u6307\u6578\u7d1a\u589e\u9577\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u589e\u957740<\/p>\n

2.8\u90a3\u6703\u6709\u591a\u96e3\uff1f 41<\/p>\n

2.8.1\u6392\u5e8f42<\/p>\n

2.8.2\u8490\u7d2249<\/p>\n

2.9\u5c0f\u7d5052<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u659952<\/p>\n

\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u8d85\u8d8a\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u657853<\/p>\n

3.1\u81ea\u7136\u657853<\/p>\n

3.2\u975e\u8ca0\u6574\u657855<\/p>\n

3.3\u6574\u657857<\/p>\n

3.4\u6709\u7406\u657861<\/p>\n

3.4.1\u5206\u657861<\/p>\n

3.4.2\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u6982\u62ec65<\/p>\n

3.5\u5be6\u657868<\/p>\n

3.5.1\u5c0f\u657868<\/p>\n

3.5.2\u7121\u7406\u6578\u548c\u6975\u965072<\/p>\n

3.5.3\u4e8c\u9032\u4f4d\u5f62\u5f0f74<\/p>\n

3.5.4\u9023\u5206\u657877<\/p>\n

3.6\u7d50\u69cb82<\/p>\n

3.6.1\u7fa482<\/p>\n

3.6.2\u74b085<\/p>\n

3.6.3\u57df87<\/p>\n

3.6.4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u62bd\u8c6187<\/p>\n

3.7\u6a21\u7b97\u885388<\/p>\n

3.8\u7d44\u5408\u5230\u4e00\u8d7790<\/p>\n

3.9\u8907\u657890<\/p>\n

3.9.1\u7b97\u885391<\/p>\n

3.9.2\u5171\u8edb92<\/p>\n

3.9.2\u7d44\u7e5493<\/p>\n

3.9.4\u591a\u9805\u5f0f\u548c\u683994<\/p>\n

3.10\u5c0f\u7d5097<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u659998<\/p>\n

\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u5e73\u9762\u3001\u5713\u548c\u7403\u9762\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u5565\uff1f 100<\/p>\n

4.1\u51fd\u6578100<\/p>\n

4.2\u5be6\u5e73\u9762103<\/p>\n

4.2.1\u5347\u81f3\u4e8c\u7dad104<\/p>\n

4.2.2\u8ddd\u96e2\u548c\u9577\u5ea6105<\/p>\n

4.2.3\u5be6\u5e73\u9762\u4e2d\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u5716\u5f62107<\/p>\n

4.2.4\u6307\u6578\u548c\u5c0d\u6578111<\/p>\n

4.3\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6578114<\/p>\n

4.3.1\u57fa\u672c\u51fd\u6578114<\/p>\n

4.3.2\u53cd\u51fd\u6578117<\/p>\n

4.3.3\u5176\u4ed6\u6052\u7b49\u5f0f120<\/p>\n

4.4\u5f9e\u76f4\u89d2\u5ea7\u6a19\u5230\u6975\u5ea7\u6a19120<\/p>\n

4.5\u8907\u201c\u5e73\u9762\u201d121<\/p>\n

4.6\u5be6\u4e09\u7dad124<\/p>\n

4.7\u5c0f\u7d50125<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599126<\/p>\n

\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u7dad\u5ea6127<\/p>\n

5.1\u548c127<\/p>\n

5.2\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593132<\/p>\n

5.3\u7dda\u6027\u6620\u5c04135<\/p>\n

5.3.1\u7dda\u6027\u8b8a\u63db\u7684\u4ee3\u6578\u7d50\u69cb136<\/p>\n

5.3.2\u4e0a\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u8b8a\u63db\u793a\u4f8b137<\/p>\n

5.4\u77e9\u9663143<\/p>\n

5.4.1\u7b26\u865f\u548c\u8853\u8a9e143<\/p>\n

5.4.2\u77e9\u9663\u548c\u7dda\u6027\u6620\u5c04146<\/p>\n

5.5\u77e9\u9663\u4ee3\u6578154<\/p>\n

5.5.1\u4e00\u822c\u77e9\u9663\u7684\u7b97\u8853\u904b\u7b97155<\/p>\n

5.5.2\u65b9\u9663\u7684\u7b97\u8853\u904b\u7b97157<\/p>\n

5.6\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u7a4d165<\/p>\n

5.7\u9577\u5ea6\u8207\u4fdd\u6301\u9577\u5ea6166<\/p>\n

5.7.1\u9ede\u7a4d166<\/p>\n

5.7.2\u5167\u7a4d166<\/p>\n

5.7.3\u6b50\u5e7e\u88e1\u5f97\u7bc4\u6578168<\/p>\n

5.7.4\u53cd\u5c04\u8b8a\u63db169<\/p>\n

5.7.5\u4e48\u6b63\u8b8a\u63db173<\/p>\n

5.7.6\u7dda\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\u7d44175<\/p>\n

5.8\u57fa\u5e95\u7684\u8b8a\u5316177<\/p>\n

5.9\u7279\u5fb5\u5411\u91cf\u548c\u7279\u5fb5\u503c180<\/p>\n

5.10\u76f4\u548c186<\/p>\n

5.11\u540c\u614b188<\/p>\n

5.11.1\u7fa4\u540c\u614b188<\/p>\n

5.11.2\u74b0\u540c\u614b\u548c\u57df\u540c\u614b190<\/p>\n

5.11.3\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593\u540c\u614b191<\/p>\n

5.12\u5c0f\u7d50192<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599192<\/p>\n

\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u201c\u53ef\u80fd\u201d\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u610f\u601d\uff1f 193<\/p>\n

6.1\u96e2\u6563193<\/p>\n

6.2\u66f4\u6578\u5b78\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0196<\/p>\n

6.3\u53c8\u932f\u4e86\uff1f 197<\/p>\n

6.4\u6982\u7387\u548c\u7cfe\u932f198<\/p>\n

6.5\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027200<\/p>\n

6.6\u671f\u671b203<\/p>\n

6.7\u746a\u5f8b\u53ef\u592b\u548c\u5207\u6bd4\u96ea\u592b\u62cb\u786c\u5e63205<\/p>\n

6.8\u5c0f\u7d50209<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599210<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97<\/p>\n

\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u4e00\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279212<\/p>\n

7.1\u521d\u8b58\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279212<\/p>\n

7.2\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\u7b26\u865f215<\/p>\n

7.3\u55ae\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b78220<\/p>\n

7.3.1\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u7684\u8868\u793a\u7ba1\u9053221<\/p>\n

7.3.2\u6620\u5c04\u6a19\u6e96\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u4e48\u6b63\u77e9\u9663223<\/p>\n

7.3.3\u5bc6\u5ea6\u77e9\u9663224<\/p>\n

7.3.4\u53ef\u89c0\u91cf\u6e2c\u548c\u671f\u671b225<\/p>\n

7.4\u4e00\u7a2e\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u6295\u5f71227<\/p>\n

7.5\u5e03\u6d1b\u8d6b\u7403\u9762234<\/p>\n

7.6\u963f\u9054\u99ac\u6559\u6388\u9047\u5230\u6ce1\u5229\u6559\u6388239<\/p>\n

7.6.1\u91cf\u5b50\u9580240<\/p>\n

7.6.2\u91cf\u5b50\u9580242<\/p>\n

7.6.3\u91cf\u5b50\u9580243<\/p>\n

7.6.4\u91cf\u5b50\u9580244<\/p>\n

7.6.5\u91cf\u5b50\u9580244<\/p>\n

7.6.6\u91cf\u5b50\u9580246<\/p>\n

7.6.7\u91cf\u5b50\u9580247<\/p>\n

7.6.8\u91cf\u5b50\u9580248<\/p>\n

7.6.9\u91cf\u5b50T\u9580248<\/p>\n

7.6.10\u91cf\u5b50\u9580249<\/p>\n

7.6.11\u91cf\u5b50\u548c\u9580250<\/p>\n

7.6.12\u91cf\u5b50\u9580250<\/p>\n

7.6.13\u91cf\u5b50\u64cd\u4f5c251<\/p>\n

7.7\u9580\u548c\u4e48\u6b63\u77e9\u9663251<\/p>\n

7.8\u5c0f\u7d50252<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599253<\/p>\n

\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u5169\u4e09\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279254<\/p>\n

8.1\u5f35\u91cf\u7a4d254<\/p>\n

8.2\u7cfe\u7e8f260<\/p>\n

8.2.1\u5f9e\u55ae\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u5230\u96d9\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279260<\/p>\n

8.2.2\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5265<\/p>\n

8.2.3\u518d\u8a2a\u5bc6\u5ea6\u77e9\u9663267<\/p>\n

8.3\u591a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u9580268<\/p>\n

8.3.1\u91cf\u5b50\u9580268<\/p>\n

8.3.2\u91cf\u5b50\u9580272<\/p>\n

8.3.3\u91cf\u5b50CNOT\u9580\uff08CX\u9580\uff09273<\/p>\n

8.3.4\u91cf\u5b50CY\u548cCZ\u9580276<\/p>\n

8.3.5\u91cf\u5b50\u9580277<\/p>\n

8.3.6\u91cf\u5b50\u6258\u4f5b\u5229\u9580\uff08\u9580\uff09277<\/p>\n

8.3.7\u91cf\u5b50\u5f17\u96f7\u5fb7\u91d1\u9580\uff08\u9580\uff09278<\/p>\n

8.4\u5c0f\u7d50278<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599279<\/p>\n

\u7b2c9\u7ae0\u9023\u63a5\u6210\u7dda\u8def280<\/p>\n

9.1\u5982\u6b64\u4e4b\u591a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279280<\/p>\n

9.2\u5f9e\u9580\u5230\u7dda\u8def281<\/p>\n

9.2.1\u69cb\u5efa\u7dda\u8def281<\/p>\n

9.2.2\u5c0d\u53d7\u63a7\u9580\u7684\u4e00\u9ede\u8aaa\u660e285<\/p>\n

9.3\u69cb\u5efa\u901a\u7528\u6a21\u584a286<\/p>\n

9.3.1\u6258\u4f5b\u5229\u9580288<\/p>\n

9.3.2\u69cb\u5efa\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u7dda\u8def290<\/p>\n

9.3.3\u8907\u88fd\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279291<\/p>\n

9.3.4\u91cf\u5b50\u96b1\u5f62\u50b3\u614b293<\/p>\n

9.4\u7b97\u8853296<\/p>\n

9.5\u6b61\u8fce\u4f86\u5230\u5fb7\u723e\u6590302<\/p>\n

9.6\u6982\u7387\u5e45\u653e\u5927306<\/p>\n

9.6.1\u7ffb\u8f49\u7b26\u865f307<\/p>\n

9.6.2\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u5012\u53cd308<\/p>\n

9.7\u8490\u7d22311<\/p>\n

9.7.1\u683c\u7f85\u5f17\u8490\u7d22\u7b97\u704b312<\/p>\n

9.7.2\u4f7f\u7528\u8a72\u9810\u8a00\u6a5f313<\/p>\n

9.7.3\u7406\u89e3\u8a72\u9810\u8a00\u6a5f316<\/p>\n

9.7.4\u6578\u64da\u554f\u984c319<\/p>\n

9.8\u591a\u4f9d\u5947-\u55ac\u85a9\u7b97\u704b319<\/p>\n

9.8.1\u66f4\u591a\u6709\u95dc\u963f\u9054\u99ac\u9580\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58321<\/p>\n

9.8.2\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u4f7f\u7528\u9810\u8a00\u6a5f\u6784\u5efa\u7dda\u8def\u7684\u7ba1\u9053323<\/p>\n

9.9\u897f\u8499\u7b97\u704b327<\/p>\n

9.9.1\u554f\u984c327<\/p>\n

9.9.2\u7dda\u8def330<\/p>\n

9.9.3\u5206\u6790\u8a72\u7dda\u8def\u7684\u7d50\u679c332<\/p>\n

9.10\u5c0f\u7d50335<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599336<\/p>\n

\u7b2c10\u7ae0\u5f9e\u7dda\u8def\u5230\u7b97\u704b338<\/p>\n

10.1\u91cf\u5b50\u5085\u88e1\u8449\u8b8a\u63db338<\/p>\n

10.1.1\u7d44\u7e54\u6839339<\/p>\n

10.1.2\u516c\u5f0f343<\/p>\n

10.1.3\u7dda\u8def347<\/p>\n

10.2\u6574\u6578\u5206\u89e3349<\/p>\n

10.2.1\u6574\u6578\u5206\u89e3\u554f\u984c349<\/p>\n

10.2.2\u5927\u6574\u6578350<\/p>\n

10.2.3\u7d93\u5178\u6574\u6578\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5351<\/p>\n

10.2.4\u7d93\u5178\u6574\u6578\u5206\u89e3\uff1a\u9ad8\u7d1a\u65b9\u6cd5357<\/p>\n

10.3\u90a3\u53c8\u6703\u6709\u591a\u96e3\uff1f 359<\/p>\n

10.4\u76f8\u4f4d\u4f30\u8a08362<\/p>\n

10.5\u6c42\u968e\u548c\u9031\u671f\u67e5\u627e367<\/p>\n

10.5.1\u6a21\u5e42369<\/p>\n

10.5.2\u7dda\u8def372<\/p>\n

10.5.3\u9023\u5206\u6578\u90e8\u5206374<\/p>\n

10.6\u8212\u723e\u7b97\u704b375<\/p>\n

10.7\u5c0f\u7d50377<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599377<\/p>\n

\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u8d70\u5411\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u5728380<\/p>\n

11.1\u9019\u4e0d\u5408\u908f\u8f2f380<\/p>\n

11.2\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u624d\u9069\u5408\u4f5c\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\uff1f 381<\/p>\n

11.3\u5149\u548c\u5149\u5b50383<\/p>\n

11.3.1\u5149\u5b50384<\/p>\n

11.3.2\u96d9\u7e2b\u5be6\u9a57386<\/p>\n

11.3.3\u6975\u5316389<\/p>\n

11.4\u9000\u76f8\u5e72392<\/p>\n

11.4.1 392<\/p>\n

11.4.2\u548c395<\/p>\n

11.4.3\u7d14\u614b\u548c\u6df7\u5408\u614b399<\/p>\n

11.5\u7cfe\u932f401<\/p>\n

11.5.1\u7cfe\u6b63\u6bd4\u7279\u7ffb\u8f49402<\/p>\n

11.5.2\u7cfe\u6b63\u7b26\u865f\u7ffb\u8f49403<\/p>\n

11.5.3\u4e5d\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u8212\u723e\u78bc404<\/p>\n

11.5.4\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u5bb9\u932f\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9805405<\/p>\n

11.6\u91cf\u5b50\u9ad4\u7a4d406<\/p>\n

11.7\u8edf\u4ef6\u5806\u68e7\u548c\u8a2a\u554f410<\/p>\n

11.8\u985e\u6bd4411<\/p>\n

11.8.1\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279412<\/p>\n

11.8.2\u9580413<\/p>\n

11.8.3\u89c0\u6e2c414<\/p>\n

11.8.4\u7dda\u8def416<\/p>\n

11.8.5\u7de8\u5beb\u6a21\u64ec\u5668416<\/p>\n

11.9\u732b417<\/p>\n

11.10\u5c0f\u7d50419<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599420<\/p>\n

\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u6709\u95dc\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u554f\u984c423<\/p>\n

12.1\u751f\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u793e\u5340423<\/p>\n

12.2\u61c9\u7528\u548c\u7b56\u7565425<\/p>\n

12.3\u8a2a\u554f426<\/p>\n

12.4\u8edf\u4ef6427<\/p>\n

12.5\u786c\u9ad4429<\/p>\n

12.6\u6559\u80b2430<\/p>\n

12.7\u4eba\u529b\u8cc7\u6e90431<\/p>\n

12.8\u5c0f\u7d50432<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599432<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304A\u5feb\u901f\u53c3\u6537\u8cc7\u8a0a433<\/p>\n

A.1\u5e38\u7528\u53f3\u77e2433<\/p>\n

A.2\u91cf\u5b50\u9580\u548c\u904b\u7b97\uff08\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09434<\/p>\n

\u9644\u9304B\u7b26\u865f437<\/p>\n

B.1\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b57\u6bcd437<\/p>\n

B.2\u6578\u5b78\u7b26\u865f\u548c\u904b\u7b97437<\/p>\n

\u5f8c\u8a18440<\/p>\n

————————————<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u5167\u5bb9\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u300a\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u516c\u958b\u8ab2\uff1a\u5f9e\u5fb7\u8b28\u514b\u5229\u7279\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u300b\u7531\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u9818\u57df\u5de8\u64d8\u30012020\u5e74\u5ea6ACM\u8a08\u7b97\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u65af\u79d1\u7279?\u963f\u502b\u68ee\u7684\u8ab2\u5802\u8b1b\u7fa9\u6574\u7406\u800c\u6210\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u5c07\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7f6e\u65bc\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u7b49\u66f4\u5ee3\u95ca\u7684\u9818\u57df\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u8ac7\u53ca\u8a08\u7b97\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u3001\u5716\u9748\u6a5f\u3001NP\u554f\u984c\u3001\u96a8\u6a5f\u6027\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u908f\u8f2f\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u3001\u96b1\u8b8a\u91cf\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u4eba\u64c7\u539f\u7406\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u3001\u6642\u9593\u65c5\u884c\u548c\u5fa9\u96dc\u6027\u7b49\u591a\u500b\u8a71\u984c\u3002\u4f5c\u8005\u7684\u601d\u8003\u6df1\u523b\u3001\u767c\u4eba\u6df1\u7701\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5c0d\u89e3\u6c7a\u76f8\u95dc\u9818\u57df\u96e3\u984c\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u56de\u7b54\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5b87\u5b99\u548c\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f\u5b83\u5011\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u6a23\u904b\u4f5c\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u300a\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u516c\u958b\u8ab2\uff1a\u5f9e\u5fb7\u8b28\u514b\u5229\u7279\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7\u300b\u9069\u5408\u611b\u597d\u79d1\u666e\u7684\u666e\u901a\u5927\u773e\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u9069\u5408\u5c0d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\u7b49\u5167\u5bb9\u611f\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u8b80\u8005\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u3001\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7684\u5f9e\u696d\u8005\u6216\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u4e5f\u53ef\u5c07\u672c\u66f8\u4f5c\u70ba\u53c3\u8003\u8b80\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u65af\u79d1\u7279.\u963f\u502b\u68ee \/ Scott Aaronson<\/p>\n

\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u9818\u57df\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u3002 2020\u5e74\u5ea6ACM\u8a08\u7b97\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u3002\u73fe\u70ba\u5f97\u514b\u85a9\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u5967\u65af\u6c40\u5206\u6821\u8b1b\u5e2d\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u66fe\u4efb\u6559\u65bc\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u3002\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\u70ba\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u3002\u5176\u7814\u7a76\u8208\u8da3\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u6975\u9650\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u963f\u502b\u68ee\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u5eb7\u5948\u723e\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u7372\u5f97\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u4f2f\u514b\u5229\u5206\u6821\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u66fe\u69ae\u7372Tomassoni Chisesi\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff082018\u5e74\uff09\u3001Simons\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u734e\uff082017\u5e74\uff09\u3001\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u79d1\u5b78\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u7684Alan T. Waterman\u734e\uff082012\u5e74\uff09\u7b49\u734e\u9805\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u9304<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u6587\u7248\u5e8f\u8a00v<\/p>\n

\u81f4\u4e2d\u570b\u8b80\u8005ix<\/p>\n

\u5f15\u8a00xi<\/p>\n

\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u865b\u7a7a1<\/p>\n

\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u96c6\u54086<\/p>\n

\u4e00\u968e\u908f\u8f2f\u898f\u52477<\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc\u975e\u8ca0\u6574\u6578\u7684\u76ae\u4e9e\u8afe\u516c\u74067<\/p>\n

\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u7684\u516c\u74069<\/p>\n

\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u54e5\u5fb7\u723e\u3001\u5716\u9748\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5c0f\u5925\u4f3415<\/p>\n

\u5716\u9748\u6a5f16<\/p>\n

\u984d\u5916\u88dc\u514523<\/p>\n

\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u5fc3\u667a\u548c\u6a5f\u566825<\/p>\n

\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u53e4\u8907\u96dc\u602738<\/p>\n

\u7b2c6\u7ae0P\u3001NP\u548c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u5c0f\u5925\u4f3447<\/p>\n

\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u96a8\u6a5f\u602762<\/p>\n

\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b7880<\/p>\n

\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b7881<\/p>\n

\u507d\u4e82\u6578\u767c\u751f\u566883<\/p>\n

\u55ae\u5411\u51fd\u657886<\/p>\n

\u516c\u958b\u91d1\u9470\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b7887<\/p>\n

\u7b2c9\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b7893<\/p>\n

\u5c0f\u65bc0%\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff1f 95<\/p>\n

\u6df7\u5408\u614b99<\/p>\n

\u5e73\u65b9\u898f\u5247100<\/p>\n

\u5be6\u6578\u8207\u8907\u6578102<\/p>\n

\u7dda\u6027106<\/p>\n

\u7b2c10\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97113<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u7b97117<\/p>\n

\u8207\u7d93\u5178\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u985e\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2118<\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u548cNP\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u554f\u984c124<\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u548c\u591a\u4e16\u754c126<\/p>\n

\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u5f6d\u7f85\u65af128<\/p>\n

\u6253\u958b\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50130<\/p>\n

\u5192\u96aa\u8aaa\u4e9b\u986f\u7136\u7684\u4e8b133<\/p>\n

\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u7784\u8457\u9019\u4e00\u6574\u584a\u91cf\u5b50\u201c\u80a5\u8089\u201d133<\/p>\n

\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u9000\u76f8\u5e72\u548c\u96b1\u8b8a\u6578137<\/p>\n

\u9032\u5751138<\/p>\n

\u6545\u4e8b\u4e00\u9000\u76f8\u5e72140<\/p>\n

\u9000\u76f8\u5e72\u548c\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5b9a\u5f8b142<\/p>\n

\u6545\u4e8b\u4e8c\u96b1\u8b8a\u6578145<\/p>\n

\u201c\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u201d\u5b9a\u7406\u5927\u8588\u8403148<\/p>\n

\u96b1\u8b8a\u6578\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50153<\/p>\n

\u7b2c13\u7ae0\u8b49\u660e160<\/p>\n

\u4f55\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u8b49\u660e\uff1f 160<\/p>\n

\u6982\u7387\u8b49\u660e162<\/p>\n

\u96f6\u77e5\u8b58\u8b49\u660e163<\/p>\n

PCP 166<\/p>\n

\u985e\u6bd4\u96b1\u8b8a\u6578\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u6027167<\/p>\n

\u7b2c14\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u6709\u591a\u5927\uff1f 171<\/p>\n

\u7b2c15\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5341\u4e00\u8a70185<\/p>\n

\u7b2c16\u7ae0\u5b78\u7fd2194<\/p>\n

\u7b2c17\u7ae0\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f\u8b49\u660e\u3001\u96fb\u8def\u4e0b\u754c\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6207<\/p>\n

\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f\u8b49\u660e208<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u9032\u5c55218<\/p>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f\u8b49\u660e221<\/p>\n

\u7b2c18\u7ae0\u4eba\u64c7\u539f\u7406\u8da3\u8ac7224<\/p>\n

\u7b2c19\u7ae0\u81ea\u7531\u610f\u5fd7244<\/p>\n

\u7b2c20\u7ae0\u6642\u9593\u65c5\u884c258<\/p>\n

\u7b2c21\u7ae0\u5b87\u5b99\u5b78\u548c\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6273<\/p>\n

\u7b2c22\u7ae0\u554f\u6211\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u884c289<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\u91cb306<\/p>\n

\u81f4\u8b1d317<\/p>\n

—————————————<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u7de8\u8f2f\u63a8\u85a6<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201c\u5ee3\u88a4\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u81ea\u5e36\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u201d\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u5165\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\u4ee3\u2014\u2014\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\uff01\u5b83\u5c07\u50ac\u751f\u79d1\u5b78\u548c\u6280\u8853\u4e0a\u7684\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\uff01<\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7279\u8272\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u908f\u8f2f\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u8b1b\u89e3\u6613\u61c2<\/p>\n

\u8b1b\u89e3\u6709\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u6e05\u6670\uff0c\u908f\u8f2f\u9023\u8cab\uff0c\u6613\u5b78\u6613\u61c2\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u90a3\u4e9b\u9700\u8981\u201c\u60e1\u88dc\u201d\u7dda\u6027\u4ee3\u6578\u7684\u8b80\u8005\u5b78\u7fd2\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u975e\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u8ddf\u4e0a\u9019\u4e00\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u77e5\u8b58\u8c50\u5bcc\uff0c\u9069\u5408\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u5b78\u7fd2<\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u5305\u542b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u9ede\u3001\u516c\u5f0f\u548c\u7df4\u7fd2\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u9069\u5408\u7522\u696d\u754c\u7528\u65bc\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u8a13\uff0c\u4e5f\u9069\u5408\u9ad8\u6821\u7528\u4f5c\u76f8\u95dc\u5c08\u696d\u7684\u6559\u6750\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u63d0\u4f9b\u914d\u5957\u793a\u4f8b\u4ee3\u78bc\u548c\u66f8\u4e2d\u5f69\u5716<\/p>\n

\u5167\u5bb9\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ec\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u6982\u8ff0\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8def\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u91cd\u9ede\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u786c\u4ef6\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u591a\u7a2e\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u5be6\u7528\u4ee3\u78bc\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u8a73\u7d30\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86\u638c\u63e1\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u628a\u7dda\u6027\u4ee3\u6578\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u672c\u66f8\u9084\u4ecb\u7d39\u4e86**\u7684\u8b8a\u5206\u548c\u512a\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e86\u96a8\u6a5f\u96fb\u8def\u63a1\u6a23\u7b49\u524d\u6cbf\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u95b1\u8b80\u672c\u66f8\uff0c\u8b80\u8005\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u767c\u5c55\u8108\u7d61\u6709\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u638c\u63e1\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u77e5\u8b58\u9ede\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u96a8\u66f8\u4ee3\u78bc\u9084\u80fd\u89aa\u81ea\u9ad4\u9a57\u91cf\u5b50\u7de8\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c07\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u77e5\u8b58\u548c\u52d5\u624b\u5be6\u8e10\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u672c\u66f8\u914d\u5957\u63d0\u4f9b\u4ee3\u78bc\u548c\u7fd2\u984c\uff0c\u65e2\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u9ad8\u6821\u7684\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u53c8\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u7522\u696d\u754c\u7684\u6280\u8853\u57f9\u8a13\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f5c\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Jack D. Hidary\u662fAlphabet X\uff08\u524d\u8eab\u70baGoogle X\uff09\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5718\u968a\u70baNISQ\u91cf\u5b50\u8655\u7406\u5668\u958b\u767c\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u5275\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u8edf\u4ef6\u5eab\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5718\u968a\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5982\u6df1\u5ea6\u7db2\u7d61\u7684\u6cdb\u5316\u4ee5\u53ca\u61c9\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u80fd\u6280\u8853\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8b6f\u8005\u7c21\u4ecb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u59da\u9d6c\u6689\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u6280\u8853\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u6703\u8b70\u548c\u4fe1\u606f\u8ad6\u671f\u520a\u4e0a\u767c\u8868\u591a\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4e26\u591a\u6b21\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u4fe1\u606f\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\u505a\u5b78\u8853\u5831\u544a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b3d\u660e\u74cf\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u6280\u8853\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6c6a\u660c\u76db\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u6280\u8853\u7cfb\u78a9\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u5206\u4f48\u5f0f\u8a08\u7b97\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8d99\u9298\u5357\uff0c\u5357\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u6280\u8853\u7cfb\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u751f\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u7a0b\u5e8f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7406\u8ad6\u3001\u53bb\u96a8\u6a5f\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u9304<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u57fa\u790e\u77e5\u8b58<\/p>\n

\u7b2c1\u7ae0\u758a\u52a0\u614b\u3001\u7cfe\u7e8f\u548c\u53ef\u9006\u60273<\/p>\n

\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7c21\u53f29<\/p>\n

\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279\u3001\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u4ee5\u53ca\u91cf\u6e2c13<\/p>\n

3.1\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u514316<\/p>\n

3.1.1\u4e00\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u514317<\/p>\n

3.1.2\u4e8c\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u514320<\/p>\n

3.1.3\u4e09\u5143\u904b\u7b97\u514322<\/p>\n

3.2\u8207\u7d93\u5178\u9580\u7684\u6bd4\u8f0324<\/p>\n

3.3\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u7684\u901a\u7528\u602725<\/p>\n

3.4 Gottesman-Knill\u548cSolovay-Kitaev 25<\/p>\n

3.5 Bloch\u740326<\/p>\n

3.6\u91cf\u6e2c\u516c\u8a2d26<\/p>\n

3.7\u539f\u5730\u8a08\u7b9728<\/p>\n

\u7b2c4\u7ae0\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u7406\u8ad631<\/p>\n

4.1\u554f\u984c\u8207\u7b97\u704b31<\/p>\n

4.2\u6642\u9593\u8907\u96dc\u5ea632<\/p>\n

4.3\u8907\u96dc\u6027\u985e33<\/p>\n

4.4\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u548cChurch-Turing\u8ad6\u984c35<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e8c\u90e8\u5206\u786c\u9ad4\u53ca\u5176\u61c9\u7528<\/p>\n

\u7b2c5\u7ae0\u5efa\u9020\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u816639<\/p>\n

5.1\u8a55\u4f30\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u816640<\/p>\n

5. 2\u4e2d\u6027\u539f\u5b5041<\/p>\n

5.3 NMR 42<\/p>\n

5.4\u91d1\u525b\u77f3\u6c2e\u7a7a\u4f4d\u4e2d\u5fc342<\/p>\n

5.5\u5149\u5b50\u5b7843<\/p>\n

5.6\u81ea\u65cb\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u727945<\/p>\n

5.7\u8d85\u5c0e\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u727946<\/p>\n

5.8\u62d3\u64b2\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b9747<\/p>\n

5.9\u96e2\u5b50\u963147<\/p>\n

5.10\u5c0f\u7d5048<\/p>\n

\u7b2c6\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u958b\u767c\u5eab49<\/p>\n

6.1\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a21\u64ec\u566850<\/p>\n

6.2 Cirq 51<\/p>\n

6.3 Qiskit 53<\/p>\n

6.4 Forest 55<\/p>\n

6.5\u91cf\u5b50\u958b\u767c\u5957\u4ef657<\/p>\n

6.6\u958b\u767c\u5eab\u6458\u898159<\/p>\n

6.6.1\u4f7f\u7528\u5eab60<\/p>\n

6.6.2\u5176\u4ed6\u958b\u767c\u5eab60<\/p>\n

6.7\u66f4\u591a\u91cf\u526f\u7a0b\u5f0f60<\/p>\n

6.7.1 Bell\u614b60<\/p>\n

6.7.2\u542b\u53c3\u958062<\/p>\n

\u7b2c7\u7ae0\u96b1\u5f62\u50b3\u614b\u3001\u8d85\u5bc6\u7de8\u78bc\u8207Bell\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f65<\/p>\n

7.1\u91cf\u5b50\u96b1\u5f62\u50b3\u614b65<\/p>\n

7.2\u8d85\u5bc6\u7de8\u78bc68<\/p>\n

7.3\u91cf\u5b50\u96b1\u5f62\u50b3\u614b\u548c\u8d85\u5bc6\u901a\u4fe1\u7684\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc69<\/p>\n

7.4 Bell\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f\u6e2c\u8a6671<\/p>\n

7.5\u5c0f\u7d5075<\/p>\n

\u7b2c8\u7ae0\u7d93\u5178\u7b97\u704b\uff1a\u7a0b\u5f0f\u78bc\u8a73\u89e377<\/p>\n

8.1 Deutsch-Jozsa\u7b97\u704b79<\/p>\n

8.2 Bernstein-Vazirani\u7b97\u704b85<\/p>\n

8.3 Simon\u554f\u984c88<\/p>\n

8.4\u91cf\u5b50\u5085\u88e1\u8449\u8b8a\u63db89<\/p>\n

8.5 Shor\u7b97\u704b92<\/p>\n

8.5.1 RSA\u5bc6\u78bc92<\/p>\n

8.5.2\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u9031\u671f92<\/p>\n

8.5.3\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u9031\u671f\u4f5c\u70ba\u5927\u6578\u5206\u89e3\u7b97\u704b\u7684\u8f38\u516594<\/p>\n

8.6 Grover\u7b97\u704b105<\/p>\n

8.7\u5c0f\u7d50108<\/p>\n

\u7b2c9\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u65b9\u6cd5109<\/p>\n

9.1\u8b8a\u5206\u91cf\u5b50\u672c\u5fb5\u6c42\u89e3\u5668109<\/p>\n

9.1.1\u5e36\u96dc\u8a0a\u7684VQE\u7b97\u704b113<\/p>\n

9.1.2\u66f4\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u64ec\u8a2d114<\/p>\n

9.2\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u5b78115<\/p>\n

9.3\u91cf\u5b50\u8fd1\u4f3c\u512a\u5316\u7b97\u704b\uff08QAOA\uff09120<\/p>\n

9.4\u91cf\u5b50\u8655\u7406\u5668\u4e0a\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2129<\/p>\n

9.5\u91cf\u5b50\u76f8\u4f4d\u4f30\u8a08134<\/p>\n

9.6\u89e3\u7dda\u6027\u65b9\u7a0b\u7d44139<\/p>\n

9.6.1 HHL\u7b97\u704b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0140<\/p>\n

9.6.2 HHL\u7b97\u704b\u7684\u793a\u4f8b\u5be6\u73fe142<\/p>\n

9.7\u91cf\u5b50\u4e82\u6578\u751f\u6210\u5668150<\/p>\n

9.8\u91cf\u5b50\u884c\u8d70151<\/p>\n

9.9\u5c0f\u7d50157<\/p>\n

\u7b2c10\u7ae0\u61c9\u7528\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u9738\u6b0a159<\/p>\n

10.1\u61c9\u7528159<\/p>\n

10.1.1\u91cf\u5b50\u985e\u6bd4\u548c\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u5b78159<\/p>\n

10.1.2\u5f9e\u6982\u7387\u5206\u4f48\u4e2d\u63a1\u6a23160<\/p>\n

10.1.3\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u52a0\u901f\u7dda\u6027\u4ee3\u6578\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8a08\u7b97160<\/p>\n

10.1.4\u512a\u5316160<\/p>\n

10.1.5\u5f35\u91cf\u7db2\u7d61160<\/p>\n

10.2\u91cf\u5b50\u9738\u6b0a160<\/p>\n

10.2.1\u96a8\u6a5f\u96fb\u8def\u63a1\u6a23161<\/p>\n

10.2.2\u5176\u4ed6\u8b49\u660e\u91cf\u5b50\u9738\u6b0a\u7684\u554f\u984c164<\/p>\n

10.2.3\u91cf\u5b50\u512a\u52e2164<\/p>\n

10.3\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u65b9\u5411165<\/p>\n

10.3.1\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfe\u932f165<\/p>\n

10.3.2\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u505a\u7269\u7406165<\/p>\n

10.4\u5c0f\u7d50165<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u5de5\u5177<\/p>\n

\u7b2c11\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5de5\u5177I 169<\/p>\n

11.1\u5f15\u8a00\u8207\u81ea\u6211\u6e2c\u8a66169<\/p>\n

11.2\u7dda\u6027\u4ee3\u6578171<\/p>\n

11.2.1\u5411\u91cf\u53ca\u7b26\u865f171<\/p>\n

11.2.2\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u904b\u7b97172<\/p>\n

11.2.3\u5411\u91cf\u7684\u7bc4\u6578176<\/p>\n

11.2.4\u9ede\u4e58178<\/p>\n

11.3\u8907\u6578\u8207\u5167\u7a4d180<\/p>\n

11.3.1\u8907\u6578180<\/p>\n

11.3.2\u9ede\u7a4d\u7684\u63a8\u5ee3\uff1a\u5167\u7a4d181<\/p>\n

11.3.3\u8907\u6578\u7684\u6975\u5ea7\u6a19\u8868\u793a185<\/p>\n

11.4\u77e9\u9663\u521d\u6b65192<\/p>\n

11.4.1\u57fa\u672c\u77e9\u9663\u904b\u7b97\u5143192<\/p>\n

11.4.2\u55ae\u4f4d\u77e9\u9663198<\/p>\n

11.4.3\u8f49\u7f6e\u3001\u5171\u8edb\u8207\u8ff9199<\/p>\n

11.4.4\u77e9\u9663\u7684\u6307\u6578\u51fd\u6578205<\/p>\n

11.5\u5916\u7a4d\u8207\u5f35\u91cf\u7a4d206<\/p>\n

11.5.1\u5916\u7a4d\uff1a\u4e00\u7a2e\u7522\u751f\u77e9\u9663\u7684\u904b\u7b97206<\/p>\n

11.5.2\u5f35\u91cf\u7a4d207<\/p>\n

11.6\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6209<\/p>\n

11.6.1\u96c6\u5408\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e209<\/p>\n

11.6.2\u7b1b\u5361\u5152\u7a4d211<\/p>\n

11.6.3\u95dc\u4fc2\u548c\u51fd\u6578212<\/p>\n

11.6.4\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u8cea216<\/p>\n

11.7\u7dda\u6027\u8b8a\u63db\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9219<\/p>\n

11.8\u5f9e\u96f6\u958b\u59cb\u69cb\u5efa\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593221<\/p>\n

11.8.1\u7fa4221<\/p>\n

11.8.2\u57df226<\/p>\n

11.8.3\u5411\u91cf\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9230<\/p>\n

11.8.4\u5b50\u7a7a\u9593232<\/p>\n

11.9\u751f\u6210\u7a7a\u9593\u3001\u7dda\u6027\u7121\u95dc\u6027\u3001\u57fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dad\u6578234<\/p>\n

11.9.1\u751f\u6210\u7a7a\u9593234<\/p>\n

11.9.2\u7dda\u6027\u7121\u95dc\u6027235<\/p>\n

11.9.3\u57fa\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dad\u6578237<\/p>\n

11.9.4\u6b63\u4ea4\u57fa239<\/p>\n

\u7b2c12\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5de5\u5177II 241<\/p>\n

12.1\u7dda\u6027\u8b8a\u63db\u8207\u77e9\u9663241<\/p>\n

12.2\u77e9\u9663\u8207\u904b\u7b97\u5143245<\/p>\n

12.2.1\u884c\u5217\u5f0f245<\/p>\n

12.2.2\u884c\u5217\u5f0f\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u5185\u5bb9248<\/p>\n

12.2.3\u77e9\u9663\u6c42\u9006249<\/p>\n

12.3\u672c\u5f81\u5411\u91cf\u548c\u672c\u5f81\u503c255<\/p>\n

12.4\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u7a76\u5167\u7a4d259<\/p>\n

12.5\u5384\u7c73\u904b\u7b97\u5143261<\/p>\n

12.5.1\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u91cf\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u4e0d\u80fd\u70ba\u8907\u6578262<\/p>\n

12.5.2\u5384\u7c73\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u5177\u6709\u5be6\u672c\u5f81\u503c263<\/p>\n

12.6\u9149\u904b\u7b97\u5143264<\/p>\n

12.7\u76f4\u548c\u8207\u5f35\u91cf\u7a4d265<\/p>\n

12.7.1\u76f4\u548c265<\/p>\n

12.7.2\u5f35\u91cf\u7a4d267<\/p>\n

12.8\u5e0c\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u9593269<\/p>\n

12.8.1\u5ea6\u91cf\u3001\u67ef\u897f\u5e8f\u5217\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b8c\u5099\u6027269<\/p>\n

12.8.2\u5167\u7a4d\u7684\u516c\u7406\u5316\u5b9a\u7fa9272<\/p>\n

12.8.3\u5e0c\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9273<\/p>\n

12.9\u7528\u5e0c\u723e\u4f2f\u7279\u7a7a\u9593\u8868\u793a\u91cf\u5b50\u6bd4\u7279274<\/p>\n

\u7b2c13\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5de5\u5177III 277<\/p>\n

13.1\u5e03\u6797\u51fd\u6578277<\/p>\n

13.2\u5c0d\u6578\u8207\u6307\u6578278<\/p>\n

13.3\u6b50\u62c9\u516c\u5f0f279<\/p>\n

\u7b2c14\u7ae0\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u5143\u548c\u8988\u5fc3\u96fb\u8def\u9336283<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b287<\/p>\n

—————————————<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/h3>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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